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Gross Anatomy Semester 2 Exam 2 > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three abdominopelvic cavities?

A

1) Abdominal Cavity
2) Greater (false) Pelvis
3) Lesser (True) Pelvis

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2
Q

Describe the Location of the Greater Pelvis?

A

This is located deep to the abdominal cavity and cranial to the lesser pelvis (which is actually encompassed by the pelvic brim).

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3
Q

What are the Superior and lateral borders of the abdominal cavity?

A

Diaphragm borders superiorly, the muscles of the abdominal wall border the abdominal cavity laterally.

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4
Q

If divided into nine sections what are the 9 sections of the abdominal cavity starting at the patients upper right and moving across and down?

A

1) Right Hypochondriac
2) Epigastric
3) Left Hypochondriac
4) Right Lumbar
5) Umbilical
6) Left Lumbar
7) Right Inguinal
8) Pubic
9) Left Inguinal

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5
Q

What are the 9 Layers of the AnteroLateral abdominal wall from superficial to deep (excluding the investing fascias between the Muscles)?

A

1) Skin
2) Superficial fatty layer, Camper Fascia (think a blanket to keep campers warm)
3) Deep Layer of subcutaneous tissue (Scarpa Fascia)
4) External Oblique mm
5) Internal Oblique mm
6) Transversus abdominis mm
7) Endo abdominal (transversus fascia)
8) Extraperitoneal Fat
9) Parietal peritoneum

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6
Q

What are the two parts of the external oblique muscle?

A

1) Muscular Part
2) Aponeurotic Part
This is the Hands in the pocket muscle with fibers running in the same direction as your fingers if you put your hands in your pocket.

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7
Q

In what way do the fibers of the Internal Oblique mm run and where is this muscle located?

A

They run the direction of your thumb if you were to put your hands in your pockets and leave your thumb out.

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8
Q

What is the Horizontally oriented muscles of the abdominal wall?

A

Transversus abdominis muscle

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9
Q

What are the two vertically oriented muscles of the abdominal wall?

A

1) Pyramidalis Muscle

2) Rectus Abdominis muscle (largest)

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10
Q

Where does the pyramidalis muscle attach?

A

The linea alba

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11
Q

Describe the rectus sheath? (What muscles does it contain, what is the nature of the sheath, are there layers?)

A

Contains the Rectus abdominus muscle and the pyramidalis muscle.
Has anterior and posterior layers that contribute to the aponeurotic sheath.

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12
Q

What happens to the Rectus sheath at the arcuate line?

A

It fuses in a way and there are no longer 1/2 of the Internal oblique fascia or the Transversus Abdominus fascia to the posterior of the rectus muscles.

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13
Q

What composes the Anterior layer of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line?

A

Aponeuroses of Ext. Oblique and 1/2 of the Int. Oblique

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14
Q

What composes the posterior layer of the rectus sheath superior to the arcuate line?

A

Aponeuroses of 1/2 of Int. Oblique, Transversus Abdominis and the transversalis fascia

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15
Q

What composes the anterior layer of the rectus sheath inferior to the arcuate line?

A

Aponeuroses of the Ext. Oblique, Int. Oblique and Transversus Abdominis mm.

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16
Q

What composes the posterior layer of the rectus sheath inferior to the arcuate line?

A

Transversalis fascia

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17
Q

What are the 5 infraumbilical peritoneal folds

A

1) Median Umbilical fold
2) Medial Umbilical folds (x2)
3) Lateral Umbilical folds (x2)

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18
Q

What is the span of the median umbilical fold?

A

From the urinary bladder to the umbilicus

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19
Q

What lies underneath the median umbilical fold?

A

Median umbilical ligament.

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20
Q

What is underneath the medial umbilical ligaments?

A

The medial umbilical ligaments and occluded portions of the umbilical arteries.

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21
Q

What lies underneath the Lateral umbilical folds?

A

The inferior epigastric vessels

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22
Q

What are the two classes of superficial vessels and what are their components (what do they branch from/ drain to and what area do they service?)

A

1) Circumflex Iliac a. and v. (More Lateral)
Branch from and drains to femoral a. and v.
Services the region of the inguinal ligament
2)Epigastric a. and v. (More Medial)
Branch from and drains to femoral a. and v.
Services the abdomen inferior to the umbilicus

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23
Q

What do the Deep Circumflex Iliac vessels branch off of?

A

External Iliac Vessels

24
Q

What two muscles do the Deep Circumflex Iliac vessels run between to supply what?

A

Runs Between the Internal Oblique and the Transversus Abdominis muscles to supply the inferior lateral abdominal muscles

25
Q

What do the inferior epigastric vessels branch off of?

A

The external Iliac vessels

26
Q

What are the three characteristics of the Inferior epigastric vessels?

A

1) Enters Post. rectus sheath at the arcuate line
2) Supplies the lower rectus abdominus muscles
3) Anastomoses with the sup. Epigastric vessels

27
Q

What does the Superior Epigastric vessels branch off of?

A

The Internal thoracic or mammary vessels

28
Q

What is the path, target and the anastomosis of the Superior Epigastric Vessels

A

Runs in the posterior rectus sheath lateral to the sternum to supply the upper Rectus abdominus muscles. Anastomoses with the Inferior Epigastric vessels

29
Q

What vessel does the musculophrenic vessels branch off of?

A

Internal thoracic or Mammary

30
Q

What is the path and target of the musculophrenic vessels

A

Runs along the costal cartilages to supply the upper abdominal muscles and the diaphragm (hence the name, think muscles and phrenic nerve target)

31
Q

What are the nerves that encompass all of the abdominal wall?

A

T7 through L1 Remember ventral Rami

32
Q

Which Nerves supply the region above umbilicus?

A

T7 through T9

33
Q

Which Nerve serves umbilicus

A

T10

34
Q

Which Nerves supply the region below umbilicus?

A

T11 through L1

35
Q

Where do all of these nerves run?

A

Between Internal Oblique and Transversus abdominus.

36
Q

What does injury to T11 T12 and L1 cause?

A

A weakening in the inguinal region and a predisposition to direct inguinal hernias.

37
Q

What are the borders of the inguinal region

A

Area extends between the anterior Superior Illiac Spine and the pubic tubercle

38
Q

What are 5 important structures found in this region?

A

1) Inguinal Ligament
2) Inguinal Canal (male and female)
3) Superficial inguinal ring
4) Deep inguinal ring
5) Walls of the Inguinal canal

39
Q

Technically speaking what is the inguinal ligament?

A

It is the folded inferior border of the External Oblique aponeurosis that extends from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle

40
Q

What is the orientation and length of the Inguinal Canal?

A

Obliquely set and 3 to 5 cm long

41
Q

What is the Inguinal canals path?

A

Traverses the anterior abdominal wall and runs parallel and superior to the inguinal ligament

42
Q

What are the contents of the Male Inguinal canal?

A

Spermatic cord (vas deferens, testicular nerves and vessels, cremasteric m. and fascia) and the Iioinguinal n. L1

43
Q

What are the Contents of the female inguinal canal?

A

Contains the round ligament of the uterus (corresponds to spermatic cord) and the Iliolingual n. L1

44
Q

Where is the opening of the Superficial Inguinal canal ring?

A

Opening in the External Oblique aponeurosis just lateral to the pubic tubercle

45
Q

Where is the Deep Inguinal canal ring?

A

Opening in the transversalis fascia just lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

46
Q

What are the Ant. Post. Roof and Floor of the Inguinal canal?

A

Ant: Ext. Oblique aponeurosis
Post: Transversalis fascia and conjoint Tendon (fusion of Int. Oblique and transversus abdominis aponeurosis medially)
Roof: Int. Oblique and TA muscles
Floor: Inguinal ligament

47
Q

What is an abdominal hernia and what are its 3 composed layers?

A

A hernia is an outpouching of abdominal viscera within a sac. Sac contains peritoneum extraperitoneal fat and transversalis fascia.

48
Q

What percentage of hernias occur in the inguinal region?

A

90%

49
Q

Through what structures does an indirect hernia extend?

A

Through the entire inguinal canal

50
Q

Which hernia is the most common?

A

Indirect More common in men than women

51
Q

Where does the indirect hernia out pouch in men and women

A

Men: Scrotum
Women: Labia Majora

52
Q

What is the inguinal canal called in women?

A

Canal of Nuck

53
Q

Is a Direct inguinal hernia more common in men or women?

A

Men

54
Q

Where does a direct hernia outpouch?

A

Through the inguinal triangle through the conjoint tendon either by or at the superficial ring of the inguinal canal. Associated with weakened abdominal wall muscles

55
Q

What are the other 3 types of Hernias and where does the outpouching occur?

A

1) Femoral through femoral ring and canal (more common in females than males)
2) Umbilical Hernia through the umbilical ring (most common in newborns and more common in female and obese individuals)
3) Epigastric Hernia through the Linea alba (most common in people over 40 usually in obese individuals)

Gross Anatomy Semester 2 Exam 2 (3 decks)

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