Low Level Laser Therapy

Question 1

What is low level laser therapy

Answer 1

light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

Question 2

what range is visible light

Answer 2

wavelengths 400-700nm

Question 3

what is a package of light called

Answer 3

photon

Question 4

what is the principle of laser generation-excited state

Answer 4

adding energy to electrons causes them to move to a higher orbit

Question 5

what is the principle of laser generation-ground state

Answer 5

if the electron gives up energy it moves to a lower orbit

Question 6

what is giving up energy called

Answer 6

spontaneous emission

Question 7

what is population inversion

Answer 7

the number of excited atoms outweighs the number at ground state

Question 8

what is pumping

Answer 8

the application of an external source of power to the lasting medium

Question 9

stages to produce laser

Answer 9

pumping of active medium
population inversion
spontaneous emission
stimulated emission
amplification

Question 10

what is coherence

Answer 10

same wavelength and all in phase

Question 11

what is collimation

Answer 11

photons move in parallel fashion, dont diverge

Question 12

longer wavelength =

Answer 12

lower frequency=deeper penetration

Question 13

types of lasers

Answer 13

gas
solid
semiconductor
liquid

Question 14

what is a semiconductor

Answer 14

two layers of materials in a silicon matrix

Question 15

what is the therapeutic wavelength for laser

Answer 15

632.8-902

Question 16

what is visible red

Answer 16

600-700nm

Question 17

what is infrared

Answer 17

700-902nm

Question 18

helium-neon laser

Answer 18

632nm

shorter wavelength therefore more superficial

Question 19

indium-gallium-aluminum-phosphide

Answer 19

semiconductor

630-700

Question 20

gallium-aluminum-arsenide

Answer 20

800-830

semiconductor

Question 21

gallium-arsenide

Answer 21

904 nm
semiconductor
longer wavelength=deeper

Question 22

what is photobiomodulation

Answer 22

photochemical effect

from absorption of photons of light by cells

Question 23

photobioinhibition

Answer 23

higher dose of laser

Question 24

photobiostimulation

Answer 24

lower doses of laser

Question 25

what is a molecule that accepts energy from photons

Answer 25

chromophore

Question 26

what is the thing that absorbs photons in biochemical reactions

Answer 26

cytochromes

Question 27

photons have what biological effects

Answer 27

increase atp synthesis | reduces intracellular ph

Question 28

primary effect of photobiostimulation is due to what

Answer 28

direct interaction of photons with cytochromes

Question 29

secondary effect of photobiostimulation is due to what

Answer 29

``` cell proliferation protein synthesis degranulation growth factor stim myofibroblast contraction neurotransmitter modification ```

Question 30

tertiary effect of photobiostimulation

Answer 30

indirect response of distance cells to changes in other cells that have interacted directly with the photons

Question 31

indications for laser

Answer 31

``` wound healing TMD myofascial pain OA RA tendinopathy trigger points epicondylitis neck and lbp ```

Question 32

AHC

Answer 32

vectra genisys laser

Question 33

CHC

Answer 33

microlight ML830

Question 34

FDA class 1

Answer 34

invisible laser

Question 35

examples of class 1

Answer 35

laser printer | cd players

Question 36

FDA class 1M

Answer 36

wavelengths between 302.5-400

Question 37

examples of class 1M

Answer 37

binoculars

Question 38

FDA class 2

Answer 38

visible laser

Question 39

examples of class 2

Answer 39

laser pointer

Question 40

FDA class 3

Answer 40

operator must wear protective eye wear

Question 41

examples of class 3a

Answer 41

1mW- laser pointer

Question 42

examples of class 3b

Answer 42

light shows | therapeutic lasers

Question 43

FDA class 4

Answer 43

can cause damage | high power

Question 44

examples of class 4

Answer 44

surgery photothermy research labs

Question 45

contraindications for laser

Answer 45

``` CA preggo eyes hemorrhage thyroid open wounds epileptic ```

Question 46

Dosage

Answer 46

can be continuous or pulsed

Question 47

super pulsed lasers

Answer 47

have increased frequency NOT WAVELENGTH

Question 48

Low frequencies used for

Answer 48

repair and regeneration of tissues, immune response, anti-inflammatory effect

Question 49

arnd schults principle

Answer 49

biological reactions not only dictated by dose but by rate

Question 50

acute injury laser info

Answer 50

smaller more frequent doses 3 min pain relief or healing first 48 hours

Question 51

chronic injury

Answer 51

larger doses | stimulate less than 500, 5-10min