Low Level Laser Therapy Flashcards
What is low level laser therapy
light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
what range is visible light
wavelengths 400-700nm
what is a package of light called
photon
what is the principle of laser generation-excited state
adding energy to electrons causes them to move to a higher orbit
what is the principle of laser generation-ground state
if the electron gives up energy it moves to a lower orbit
what is giving up energy called
spontaneous emission
what is population inversion
the number of excited atoms outweighs the number at ground state
what is pumping
the application of an external source of power to the lasting medium
stages to produce laser
pumping of active medium population inversion spontaneous emission stimulated emission amplification
what is coherence
same wavelength and all in phase
what is collimation
photons move in parallel fashion, dont diverge
longer wavelength =
lower frequency=deeper penetration
types of lasers
gas
solid
semiconductor
liquid
what is a semiconductor
two layers of materials in a silicon matrix
what is the therapeutic wavelength for laser
632.8-902
what is visible red
600-700nm
what is infrared
700-902nm
helium-neon laser
632nm
shorter wavelength therefore more superficial
indium-gallium-aluminum-phosphide
semiconductor
630-700
gallium-aluminum-arsenide
800-830
semiconductor
gallium-arsenide
904 nm
semiconductor
longer wavelength=deeper
what is photobiomodulation
photochemical effect
from absorption of photons of light by cells
photobioinhibition
higher dose of laser
photobiostimulation
lower doses of laser
what is a molecule that accepts energy from photons
chromophore
what is the thing that absorbs photons in biochemical reactions
cytochromes
photons have what biological effects
increase atp synthesis
reduces intracellular ph
primary effect of photobiostimulation is due to what
direct interaction of photons with cytochromes
secondary effect of photobiostimulation is due to what
cell proliferation protein synthesis degranulation growth factor stim myofibroblast contraction neurotransmitter modification
tertiary effect of photobiostimulation
indirect response of distance cells to changes in other cells that have interacted directly with the photons
indications for laser
wound healing TMD myofascial pain OA RA tendinopathy trigger points epicondylitis neck and lbp
AHC
vectra genisys laser
CHC
microlight ML830
FDA class 1
invisible laser
examples of class 1
laser printer
cd players
FDA class 1M
wavelengths between 302.5-400
examples of class 1M
binoculars
FDA class 2
visible laser
examples of class 2
laser pointer
FDA class 3
operator must wear protective eye wear
examples of class 3a
1mW- laser pointer
examples of class 3b
light shows
therapeutic lasers
FDA class 4
can cause damage
high power
examples of class 4
surgery
photothermy
research labs
contraindications for laser
CA preggo eyes hemorrhage thyroid open wounds epileptic
Dosage
can be continuous or pulsed
super pulsed lasers
have increased frequency NOT WAVELENGTH
Low frequencies used for
repair and regeneration of tissues, immune response, anti-inflammatory effect
arnd schults principle
biological reactions not only dictated by dose but by rate
acute injury laser info
smaller more frequent doses
3 min
pain relief or healing
first 48 hours
chronic injury
larger doses
stimulate less than 500, 5-10min
