Low Level 248 Flashcards
Formation Types
- Tactical LAB: When flying low over relatively level terrain,LAB formation works well. LAB provides an excellent formation for clearing in a high-threat section environment. However, it is less flexible and requires a greater degree of planning.
- Wedge: Utilize wedge when substantial maneuvering is required, such as over terrain with significant vertical development. Wedge gives the wingman the flexibility to alter sides as necessary and may lessen lead’s saturation in ensuring the wingman is on the proper side.
- Fighting Wing: For aggressive maneuvering
To enhance clearing and preparation for route entry, do what with wingman after takeoff?
Send to tac
Before commencing navigation in the low level environment, the lead should do what?
Ensure the
formation has set the appropriate altimeter setting for the SR route being flown.
What else does lead call out over radio when starting a route?
Time hack
If obstacle clearance for the wingman is questionable, lead may do what?
Direct the wingman to climb without climbing the formation.
Where should wing stack during LL?
Never lower than lead. Whenever a flight path conflict w/ lead exists, cross high in relation to lead
Turns as Lead
- Wing on inside: Begin contract turn over planned point.
- Wing on outside: Direct wing to turn early enough to allow for lead to delay the turn until over the planned turn point. Since most turns are not 90/45, turn timing may vary from the references. For example, a turn of >90 will require second a/c to turn sooner than the normal 90 turn reference
- <30? Check turn
Turns as Wing
Anticipate. Contract turn. Once lead is established on the next leg of the route, expeditiously correct back to the briefed or directed formation position as required
How does the target run procedure work?
Lead will normally direct the wingman to wedge prior to the IP to target run. From LAB, the wingman may use a check turn into or away from lead, along with power modulation, to establish the wedge position. The wingman will maintain the directed position until necessary to overfly the target in level flight.
How does a target egress work?
The flight lead will plan and brief a method for achieving the desired tactical formation (normally LAB) off-target. A common technique is for lead to execute an immediate in-place turn followed by a reversal to put the wingman LAB. The wingman should typically establish the next leg heading upon target egress.
How to normally do lead change in tac?
Over radio
How high do you climb prior to analyzing any abnormal situation?
At least 1,000’ AGL
Procedure for going blind as wing?
If wing goes blind more than momentarily, make call. Maintain current heading and climb to 1,000 AGL or as briefed to ensure deconfliction and terrain clearance while searching for lead. Once visual with lead, call visual and continue. If unable to regain sight of lead, continue to ensure terrain clearance and follow lead’s instructions.
What does lead do if wing goes blind?
If visual, climb to 1,000 AGL and talk to wing about position. Consider shallow wing rock. Reference prominent ground features. Have wing turn on TAS/squawk. Once visual, descend and continue.
How does double blind work in LL?
- Direct wing to climb to 1,500 AGL
- Tell him to reference current planned heading
- Once altitude deconfliction is assured, lead should climb to 1,000 AGL.
- If unable to regain visual, both a/c continue to next turn point w/ alt deconfliction. If not visual by next turn point, lead will be directive. Do not continue the route as a formation. Lead may direct wing to climb out of the MTR to a VFR hemispheric altitude and get single-ship recovery. Lead will continue to the next turn point before single-ship recovery.
Radio failure in LL?
Climb to 1,000 AGL and give visual signals. Recover VFR. It may be necessary to collapse range to exchange visual signals, but do not proceed closer than 500 feet until directed.
IMC Route Abort
- Lead tries to keep it VMC
- In-place turns, hook turns, and fighting wing may be utilized as required until able to rejoin the wingman and obtain an IFR clearance
- Wingman rejoined prior to IMC: Comply w/ single-ship route abort
- Wingman unable to rejoin prior to IMC: Comply w/ single-ship route abort. Also, lead ensures deconfliction. Direct formation to ERAA and ensure altitude and heading deconfliction. Lead should ensure a min of 1,000 separation above ERAA. Have wing turn on TAS/squawk.
What is the procedure for approaching a point?
Clock-to-Map-to-Ground
Look for visual cues 30-60 seconds in front of turn point
Lost Procedures
Climb, Conserve, Confess
Planned airspeed below what is not recommended due to decreased maneuverability
160 KIAS
How far should the IP point be?
1-3 min from target
What fuel flow is assumed for LL?
8 lb/min
ERAA Altitude?
1,000 feet (2,000 in mountainous) clearance above the highest obstacle w/in 25 nm of either side of route
Procedure for starting the hack?
Ready, ready, hack
80% of time should be
heads up, eyes out
At 210 KIAS, a heading change of _____ causes a 1 mile course shift
17 deg for 1 minute
Timing correction
Increase 1 knot for every second late for 3.5 min (for 210 GS)
SHAFT
- Speed for new leg
- Heading for new leg
- Altitude for new leg
- Fuel at turn point
- Timing at turn point (Threats)
Procedure for estimating making an emergency airfield w/ failed engine?
Airfields circumscribed by the wingtips can be reached w/ an immediate turn and climb in the direction of the airfield.
Zoom at 210 GS gains approx ____
1,000 feet
