Low Back

Question 1

Minor’s sign

Answer 1

pt pushes off uninvolved side leg or chair arm when getting up (sciatica)

Question 2

SLR

aka Lasegue’s

Answer 2

supine

flex hip on involved side (+ radiculopathy)

Question 3

Seated Lasegue’s

Answer 3

seated

extend knee on involved side (+ radiculopathy)

Question 4

Lasegue differential sign

Answer 4

supine
SLR until radiculopathy pain elicited, Dr. then flexes knee
(relieves pain – rules out hip)

Question 5

Braggard’s

Answer 5

supine
SLR, decrease 5 degree then dorsiflex foot involved side
(+ radiculopathy)

Question 6

Sicard’s

Answer 6

supine
SLR, decrease 5 degree then extend big toe involved side
(+ radiculopathy)

Question 7

Turyn’s

Answer 7

supine

extend big toe (+ radiculopathy)

Question 8

WLR

Answer 8

supine

lift uninvolved side (+ radiculopathy)

Question 9

Fajersztajn’s

Answer 9

supine

WLR, decrease 5 degree then dorsiflex foot (+ radiculopathy)

Question 10

Lindner’s

Answer 10

supine

flex upper trunk into a “C” (+ radiculopathy)

Question 11

Bowstring’s
aka cram test
aka popliteal pressure sign

Answer 11

supine

SLR, relax knee, apply popliteal pressure (+ radiculopathy)

Question 12

Kemp’s

Answer 12

seated or standing
rotate, laterally flex, and extend trunk
(localized pain = facet, radiculopathy = nerve root, ipsi pain = lateral disc, contra pain = medial disc)

Question 13

Bonnet’s

Answer 13

supine
SLR with hip adduction and internal rotation
(+ sciatica)

Question 14

SOTO

aka reversed bonnet’s

Answer 14

supine
SLR with hip abduction and external rotation
(relieves piriformis)

Question 15

Bechterew’s

Answer 15

seated (hands on lap)

extend one knee, extend the other knee, extend both

Question 16

Prone Lumbar Hyperextension Test

Answer 16

prone
dr. stabilizes ankles and pt attempts to extend torso off the table
(+ lumbar strain)

Question 17

Reversal Sign

Answer 17

standing
bend forward (+ pain when getting up)
chronic facet syndrome

Question 18

Femoral Nerve Traction Test

Answer 18

side-lying

dr. grasps affected leg and extends hip while knee is bent

Question 19

Stork Test

Answer 19

standing on one leg
pt leans back
(+ pain = pars instability)