LOT Review Flashcards
APTT
activated partial thromboplastin time
ASO(T)
anti-streptolysin O titer
CAPD
continuous ambulatory peritioneal dialysis
CBG
capillary blood glucose
CBG’s
capillary blood gases
CEA
carcinoembryonic antigen
CP4
electrolytes, Na, K, Cl, Total Co2
CP6
electrolytes, urea, creatinine
CP7
electrolytes, urea, creatinine, random glucose
CSU
catheterized specimen of urine
BCCA
B.C. Cancer Agency
EBV
Epstein-Barr virus
ENA
extractable nuclear antigen
ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
FDP
fibrin degradation product
FIO2
forced inspiration of O2
FSP
fibrin split product
HAV
hepatitis A virus
HbA1c
glycosylated hemoglobin
HBV
hepatitis B virus
HCV
hepatitis C virus
H-pylori
helicobacter pylori
HVD
hypertensive vascular disease
IHD
ischemic heart disease
INR
international normalized ratio
L/D
last dose
LP
lumbar puncture
MRO
multi-resistant organism
MRSA
methicillin resistant staph aures
MSU
midstream urine
OB
occult blood
PKU
phenylketonuuria
PO4/P
phosphate/phosphorus
POD
post operative day
PTH
parathyroid hormone
RF
rheumatoid factor
RPR
rapid plasma reagin
STS
serological test for syphillis
T4, T3
thyroxine, thyroid test
PICC
peripherally inserted central catheter
PHSA
Provential Health Services Authority
occult blood
blood that is undetectable to the eye
plasma
the fluid portion of the blood in which the cells are suspended, it contains a clotting factor called fibrinogen
Reference Range
range of normal values for a lab test
Dipstick Urine
the visual examination of urine using a special chemically treated stick
thoracentesis
a needle puncture into the pleural space in the chest cavity to remove pleural fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons
post prandial
after eating
differential
identification of the types of white blood cells in the blood
cytology
the study of cells
amniocentesis
a needle puncture into the uterine cavity to remove amniotic fluid, the liquid that surrounds the fetus
antibody
an immunoglobulin (protein) produced by the body that reacts with and neutralizes an antigen
superbugs
pathogens that have become resistant to most of the ABX currently available and that often cause life threatening infections
Type and Screen
the patient’s blood type and Rh factor are determined, and a general antibody screen is performed
sputum
the mucous secretion from lungs, bronchi, or trachea
pap smear
a test performed to detect cancerous cells in the female genital tract
clean catch
a method of obtaining a urine specimen using a special cleansing technique; also called a midstream urine
fasting
no solid foods by mouth and no fluids containing nourishment
urinalysis
the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of the urine
biopsy
tissue removed from a living body for examination
lumbar puncture
a procedure used to remove cerebrospinal fluid from the spinal canal
pathology
the study of body changes caused by disease
tissue typing
a test performed to detect cancerous cells in the female genital tract
daily bloodwork
tests that are ordered by the physician to be done on a scheduled basis
culture and sensitivity
the growth of microorganisms in a special media (culture) followed by a test to determine the ABX to which they best respond (sensitivity)
Titer
the quantity of substance needed to react with a given amount of another substance - used to detect and quantify antibody levels
type and crossmatch
the patient’s blood is typed, then tested for compatibility with blood from a donor of the same blood type and Rh factor
random specimen
a body fluid sample that can by collected at any time
serology
the study of blood serum or other body fluids for immune bodies which are the body’s defense when disease occurs
erythrocyte
a red blood cell
electrolytes
a group of chemistry tests which usually includes sodium, potassium, chloride and CO2 (bicarbonate) (HCO3)
paracentesis
a surgical puncture to remove fluid from a body cavity
timed specimen
a specimen that must be collected at a specific time
serum
plasma from which a fibrinogen a clotting factor has been removed
antigen
the patient’s blood type and Rh factor are determined, and a general antibody screen is performed
Fasting lab tests: cryoglobins, glucose fasting, fasting phosphate (P, PO4), viscosity
8 hr. fast: NPO after 23:00
Fasting lab tests: Gastrin, and GTT
10 hr. fast: NPO after 21:00
Fasting lab tests: Lipid Panel: Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and LDL
12 hr. fast: NPO after 19:00
Why must lab requisitions be completed thoroughly and accurately?
- They are often the only form of communication used to request a test.
- They are part of the identification process that ensures the correct test is performed on the correct patient
Cardiac Enzymes
CPK, LD, Troponin, AST
4 test that require the patient to sign a consent form?
Bone Marrow Aspiration, Thoracentesis, Blood Transfusion, Lumbar Puncture, PICC Lines
6 specimens that may be collected by cytology
sputum, bronchial aspiration, pleural fluid, urine, peritoneal fluid, CSF
What are tests performed by the laboratory department ordered for?
Diagnostic purposes and for evaluation of a prescribed treatment.
What is daily bloodwork? Give examples
Tests that are ordered once by the doctor and are to be performed everyday or as ordered until the doctors discontinue the order. Ex. CBC, CP6, CRP daily, INR daily, Lytes q 2 days, INR on Wed. and Sat.
What is microbiology?
The study of disease-causing microorganisms
7 sources of specimens for microbiology
blood, urine, sputum, feces, CSF, eye/ear drainage, wound drainage
Common microbiology tests?
blood cultures, C and S on wounds and burns, sputum culture, stool culture, urine culture
What is the function of a blood culture?
It can diagnose any bacterial infections of the blood
When would a physician order a blood culture?
A patient who has a temp. chills, rapid breathing, or if a doctor suspects sepsis or septicemia, or any other infection in the blood stream.
What is arterial blood gas test?
A test that is performed to determine the concentration of O2, CO2, bicarbonate, and ph in the blood.
Give 3 reasons why ABG’s might be done?
- evaluate severe breathing problems and lung disease
- to qualify for home 02 use
- evaluate the need for O2 or help with breathing
- to detect exposure to CO2 and other chemicals
Where is the sample for ABGs drawn and who usually collects it?
They are drawn usually from the radial artery in the wrist by the Respiratory Technician
What is the function of the Blood Bank?
It has the responsibility of typing and cross matching patient blood, obtaining blood for transfusions, storing blood, and blood components, and keeping records of transfusions and blood donors
What is cytology?
The study of cells, cell structure, and cell composition
What is a thoracentesis?
A procedure to remove fluid from the space between the lungs and the chest wall called the pleural cavity.
6 specimens that may be collected for cytology?
sputum, bronchial aspiration, pleural fluid, urine, peritoneal fluid, CSF
What must be signed before a thoracentesis can be performed?
A Consent for Health Care
Where is the order for a thoracentesis placed on the K?
Procedure and treatment section of the K
4 things commonly found on a specimen label?
- test to be performed, 2. type of specimen collected and where it was collected from, 3. date and time it was collected, 4. who collected it, initials and status
Who do you call when STAT blood work is ordered?
call accessioning.
Liver Function Tests
ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, Bili T and D, Alb
Cardiac Enzymes
AST, CPK, LD, TROPONIN
What is the daily blood card?
A means of recording and tracking daily blood work ordered for a patient and that the requisitions for certain days have been made.
STAT. Pre and Post doses goes in red on the…
Req
Toxicology
Tylenol, ETOH
Cytology
CSF cytology, Pleural fluid cytology
Specimens other than blood
Stool OB, urinalysis
Transfusion Medicine Laboratory
G & S, XM, FFP
Therapeutic Drug Levels
gentamicin, dig level, Dilantin levels
Hematology
CBC
Whole Blood
ABG’s
Coag
INR, D-dimer, PT/PTT
Chemistry
Cr, Ck, FBS, Troponin, Mg, Bili T & D, Phos, TIBC, LFT;s, CP6, Lipid Profile
Micro
Stool C-diff, Blood Cx, urine Cx, Sputum Cx
What is the function of the urinalysis?
study of urine specimens for color, clarity, specific gravity, protein (albumin), glucose, and sediment is viewed microscopically for organisms, intact cells, and crystals
