lost and font - science and tech Flashcards
Who was the first person to create a font and what was their inspiration?
Johannes Gutenberg; Blackletter calligraphy used in manuscripts
Who created the first font with reduced text per page and when?
Nicolas Jenson in 1470
Who created the first space-saving typeface and when?
Aldus Manutius and Francesco Griffo in 1501
Who created the first font with improved readability and when?
William Caslon in 1734
Who created the first serif fonts and when (approximately)?
Firmin Didot and Giambattista Bodoni in the 1780s
Who created the first sans-serif font and when?
William Caslon IV in 1816
Who was the first full-time font developer and when (approximately)?
Fredric Goudy in the 1920s
When were digital fonts born (give an example)?
1968 (Digi Grotesk)
When were variable fonts born?
2016 (OpenType standard)
When did Microsoft Office switch fonts from Calibri to Aptos and who designed Aptos?
2023; Steve Matteson
When did the London Underground change its font and what is the new font called?
2016; Johnston100
Why did the US State Department change its font from Times New Roman to Calibri?
2023; For accessibility purposes
What challenges exist with fonts today?
Lack of global language fonts and untapped potential in color fonts despite the OpenType SVG format allowing for creativity.
What was the significance of the font change from Calibri to Aptos for Microsoft Office?
Marked a shift in Microsoft’s brand identity, moving towards a more modern and refreshing aesthetic.
How did the London Underground justify the subtle changes made to the Johnston font?
Claimed the adjustments were necessary for a 21st-century adaptation, ensuring relevance in the digital age while preserving the original spirit.
Where and when did the first barcode scanning occur?
At a Kroger store in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1972.
What were the initial concerns regarding the laser, invented in 1960, in relation to barcodes?
Its potential applications were thought to be limited to welding, cutting, or medical surgery, not barcode scanning.
What inspired Joe Woodland to develop the barcode concept?
While drawing in the sand on Miami Beach, he envisioned a code that could be scanned quickly for product identification.
How did the Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode become standardized?
The Ad Hoc Committee on the Universal Product Identification Code was formed to establish a universal system, selecting IBM’s version with input from Woodland.
What is the core technology behind the “Just Walk Out” shopping experience at Amazon Go stores?
A combination of advanced features like computer vision, sensor fusion, and deep learning to track inventory and customer selections.
How does the Amazon Go checkout process function?
Customers scan a QR code to enter, select items, and exit the store, with the technology automatically calculating their bill based on the virtual cart in their Amazon Go app.
What are some criticisms regarding the accuracy of the “Just Walk Out” technology?
Occasional errors can occur, requiring customers to contact staff for adjustments.
What is the potential future of the “Just Walk Out” shopping concept?
Amazon Go stores suggest a possible future of frictionless shopping experiences, with potential for expansion to more locations.
When and where did QR codes gain widespread adoption?
During the COVID-19 pandemic, when restaurants used them for contactless menus due to safety concerns.
