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Life of Earth 2 > Lophophorates & echinoderms > Flashcards

Lophophorates & echinoderms Flashcards

Invertebrates 3

1
Q

Where do lophophorates fit?

A

Some are enterocoelous (=deueterstomes)

Some are schizocoelous (=protostomes)

Don’t comfortably fit in either group

rRNA sequences place them in protostomes

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2
Q

What is a lophophore?

A

A crown of hollow ciliated tentacles used for feeding

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3
Q

What are lophophorates?

A

Sessile suspension feeders enclosed in a secreted exoskeleton

Some are colonial

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4
Q

What are the 4 lophophorates?

A

Brachiopoda
Bryozoa
Phoronida
Rhabdopleura

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of Brachiopoda?

A

Articulate
= little peg in 1 side of shell & groove in the other –> forms a hinge

Inarticulate
= 2 halves don’t have a hinge
- muscle pulls them together

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6
Q

What are the features of Bryozoa?

A

Colonial

Individual zooids secrete a ‘house’ & multiply asexually

Members of colony connected by funicular cords - can exchange nutrients

Can move their lophophores

U-shaped gut

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7
Q

How do Bryozoa move their lophophores?

What does this result in?

A
  1. Lophophope extends
  2. ” spreads
  3. ” rocks & rotates
  4. ” retracts

= produces own feeding currents

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8
Q

Why do orgs live in colonies rather than as big individuals?

A

As animal size increases –> metabolic rate per unit weight of tissue decreases

–> biomass accumulates at progressively slower rate

When colonial - can maintain high rate of growth

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9
Q

What are the advantages of being in a colony?

A

Growth accelerates w/ increasing colony size

Feeding, non-dividing zooid at centre contribute nutrients to active ones at periphery

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10
Q

What type of symmetry do Starfish have?

A

Pentaradial

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11
Q

Are Echinoderms protostomes or deuterostomes?

A

Deuterostomes

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12
Q

What type of symmetry do Echinoderms have?

Describe their skeleton

What are their 2 faces called?

What type of symmetry do their larvae have?

A

Secondarily radially symmetrical

Calcareous endoskeleton made by mesoderm

Oral & aboral

Bilaterally symmetrical

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13
Q

What does ‘echinoderm’ mean?

A

‘spiny skin’

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14
Q

Describe Echinodermata embryology

A

Radial cleavage
Endodermally derived mesoderm
Enterocoely
Mouth not derived from blastopore (anus is)

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15
Q

How do sea stars eat?

A

Evert part of stomach over prey, secrete enzymes & absorb partially digested ‘soup’

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16
Q

Describe the different systems in Echinoderms

A

No excretory organs & no specialist organs for gas exchange
Circulatory system = heal system derived from coelomic cavities & sinuses
Nervous system = decentralised - nerve net + nerve ring + radial nerves

17
Q

What is the water vascular system in Echinoderms?

Describe WVS fluid

A

Complex series of fluid-filled canals derived from coelom
–> services numerous tube feet

Similar to seat water w/ some protein, cells & high conc of K

18
Q

Are Echinoderms dioecious or monoecious?

A

Dioecious

= separate sexes

19
Q

Via which body part is water sucked into the WVS?

A

Madreporite

sieve plate stops grit getting into animal

20
Q

How do Starfish move?

A

Muscles squeeze fluid into tube foot

  • –> tube feet work in concert
  • –> sucker on end of tube foot
21
Q

What does mutable connective tissue do?

How does it do this?

A

Allows rapid & reversible changes in stiffness
–> means muscle tone can be altered w/out expending energy to contract muscles

Ionic movements alter weak interaction between macromolecules
–> Change in viscosity of collagen fibres

22
Q

What are Asteroids?

A

Starfish

Free-living Echinoderms w/ radial symmetry & move not their oral surface

23
Q

What can mutable connective tissue allow Asteroids to do?

A

Shed extremity & regenerate arms

24
Q

What are the 5 classes within Echinodermata?

A 
Crinoidea
Asteroidea
Ophiuroidea
Echinoidea
Holothuroidea
25
Q

Give examples of Crinoidea

How do they feed?

A

Sea lilies & feather stars

Suspension feeders

26
Q

Give examples of Asteroidea

How do they feed?

A

Sea stars

Opportunistic scavengers & predators

27
Q

Give examples of Ophiuroidea

How do they feed?

A

Brittle stars & Basket stars

Predation, deposit feeding, scavenging or suspension feeding
or more than 1

28
Q

Give examples of Echinoidea

How do they feed?

A

Sand dollars & Sea urchins

Herbivory, suspension feeding, detrivitory or predation

29
Q

Give examples of Holothuroidea

How do they feed?

A

Sea cucumbers

Suspension or deposit feeders

Life of Earth 2 (20 decks)

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