Loophole: Classic Flaw Answer Choices

Question 1

Mistakes something that is necessary to bring about a situation for something that in itself is enough to bring about that situation

Answer 1

Bad Conditional Reasoning

Question 2

Mistakes the cause of a particular phenomenon for the effect of that phenomenon

Answer 2

Bad Causal Reasoning

Question 3

Assuming that because something is true of each of the parts of a whole it is true of the whole itself

Answer 3

Whole-to-Part / Part-to-Whole

Question 4

Makes a sweeping generalization… based on evidence drawn from limited atypical cases

Answer 4

Overgeneralization

Question 5

Uses evidence drawn from small sample that may well be unrepresentative

Answer 5

Survey Problems

Question 6

Confuses an absence of evidence for a hypothesis with the existence of evidence against the hypothesis

Answer 6

Possibility not Certainty

Question 7

Assumes without warrant that a situation allows only two possibilities

Answer 7

False Dichotomy

Question 8

Misdescribing the… position, thereby making it easier to challenge

Answer 8

Straw Man

Question 9

Rejects a claim by attacking the proponents of the claim rather than addressing the claim itself

Answer 9

Ad Hominem

Question 10

Presupposes what it sets out to prove

Answer 10

Circular Reasoning

Question 11

Relies on two different uses of the term

Answer 11

Equivocation

Question 12

Cites the evidence… in direct support of a claim that lies outside their area of expertise

Answer 12

Appeal Fallacies

Question 13

Uses irrelevant facts to justify a claim

Answer 13

Irrelevant

Question 14

Takes no account of the relative frequency of… in the population as a whole

Answer 14

Percentages not numbers