Long Term Memory Flashcards
How broad is the concept of memory?
It is encoding how to get the information into long-term memory.
What are the effective methods of encoding into long-term memory?
Chunking, rehearsal, and deep processing are effective ways to encode into long-term memory.
What did the modal model say?
It explains how the sensory memory you take in and how it gets to your permanent memory.
Depth of Processing Approach
Craik and Lockhart developed this depth-of-processing approach. The memory is a byproduct. Deeper processing is better because it focuses on the meaning.
Orientating tasks = Craik and Tulving (1975) used research that has rhyming words and meaning over.
-The duck floated on the ___ (rhyming with dog).
- The _____ ate the bone. (meaning over)
In Craik and Tulving’s study, what surprises the memory test?
It is whether people can remember anything and which one (rhyming or meaning) is better.
What are the dependent and independent variables in Craik and Tulving’s study?
The independent variable is rhyming words and meaning, while the dependent variable is the surprise memory test.
What is the self-relevant effect? What are the examples of this effect?
The self-revelant effect is connecting something to someone, and it will result in deeper processing.
Examples: Recall of people with the same first name. For example, Simon may be able to recall more people named Simon than David, while David may be able to recall more people named David than Simon.
Recall of adjectives. For example, participants may remember more adjectives that are related to themselves, as opposed to those that are related to others.
What is self-generate? How is it different from the self-revelant effect?
It makes difficult information understandable, creates links to long-term memory, and supports later retrieval. It is effortful encoding. Effort is good for learning and encoding.
Examples: multiple choices, flashcards, teaching (help with memory), fill-in-the-blank, compare and contrast
What is retrieving? What leads to effective retrieval?
Retrieving is accessing the information out of long-term memory. Retrieving memory cue is a piece of information used to help you get to that memory.
Why are retrieval cues important?
They are important and better because of recognition and recall. Recognition is multiple choice and we want to remember which one is right. Recalling is bringing back that memory yourself like fill-in-the-blank. Recognition is easier than recall.
How is context important?
The context is encoding and retrieving something. There are three types of context, which are what, where, and how.
