Long Term Memory Flashcards
Semantic memory
Semantic memory is is the memory of relationships and how things fit together. It includes the memory that you have siblings and relatives,where things are located and what they do as well as general knowledge.
Semantic memory support
Baddeleys study in 1966 support the existence of semantic memory. He found participants struggled with the word lists linked by a common theme which suggest the semantic similarity Long-term memory. Unrelated word list were not confusing. This suggests at least part of the long-term memory works semantically.
Episodic memory
Episodic memory is the memory of particular events and specific information: events, names, and dates. It includes memories of things that have happened to you and information like a persons address.
Episodic memory support
Episodic memory is supported by Gordon and badly 1974, where they had divers remember information on the surface and underwater and then had them recall the information both on the surface and underwater for each set of information. the divers recalled the information given underwater better then on the surface this portrays, how you can jog your memory by things that remind you of when, and where the original memory was encoded ( context clues) therefore, this supports the idea that episodic memories are perceptually encoded
Procedure memory
Procedure memory is the memory of how to do things. it includes tying shoelaces writing and using a knife and fork. You may retain procedure memories, even after you have forgotten being taught to do them in the first place.
Procedure memory support
The concept of procedural memory is supported by Clive wearing. wearing had viral encephalitis in the temporal lobe, meaning he had no short-term memory, but still had long-term memory. He still had his semantic memory, however, he also had his procedural memory. Before he had his condition, wearing was a very successful conductor and piano player which both come under procedure memory as they are skills. After the condition wearing was still able to play the piano and conduct , although he had no memory of learning it. Wiring is a good example of how procedure memory exist and is its own individual store.
Episodic and semantic, seperate KC
Suggested that the episodic and semantic memory are stored separately this is supported by Tolins case study of KC 1981, in the study, Casey was in a motorcycle accident and suffered brain damage to his hippocampus, which led him to lose all of his episodic memory. However, Casey could still remember things he learned in books like dates and definitions, highlighting that his semantic memory was still intact. Therefore this shows that there is a different store for episodic and semantic memory.
Semantic and episodic, separate Clive wearing
Clive Waring episodic memory, was completely lost. However, his semantic memory remained. He remembered that he loved his wife, despite not having an idea of who she was, as if he had met her for the first time, but suddenly felt love for her. The fact that Clive could not remember who his wife was, but what she meant to him, exemplifies the semantic and episodic memory as two separate store
Objection
An objection to the long-term memory model is Squire and Zola, 1998, that tested non-declarative and declarative memory to see if they were located in the same place.
They examine children with amnesia, who never got a chance to acquire a semantic store in the first place, and adults with amnesia, who had semantic and episodic memories before suffering, brain damage. The participants episodic and semantic memories seem to be equally impaired which supports the idea that the two memory functions are linked or even the same thing this disputes to long-term memory model because in his model episodic and semantic memory are entirely seperate.
