Long-term memory

Question 1

Define:
1. Episodic memory
2. Semantic memory
3. Procedural memory

Answer 1

1. Conscious access, contextual details, know it was certain time and place, prone to forgetting, adaptive (helps us to solve problems)
2. Crystallised (stable), explicit, knowledge about world, contextual, network of connected concepts, less prone to forgetting but slower to learn
3. Unconscious, ‘automatically’ retrieved, often muscle memory, takes much practice to solidify

Question 2

Which parts of the brain are associated with which type of memory?

Answer 2

E - medial temporal lobe
S - lateral temporal cortex
P - Basal ganglia

Question 3

What does the predicted processing hypothesis state?

Answer 3

Goal of our brain is to learn to predict the world as accurately as possible, prediction error occurs when we don’t predict world right - this allows for new learning

Question 4

What did Ebbinghaus (1913) find when tried to remember nonsense words)

Answer 4

Remembered less and less of the words overtime

Question 5

What did Berens (2020) find when people were asked to remember word and location on circle

Answer 5

People forget things in an all or nothing manner (will remember all the details or forget whole thing)

Question 6

Loftus and Palmer (1974) study, and Bartlett (1932) study are examples of which memory store having an impact on which other memory store?

Answer 6

Semantic influencing episodic memories

Question 7

What is the central idea of complementary learning system? (McClelland, McNaughton, O’Reilly (1995))

Answer 7

Semantic memory cannot be updated too quickly (interference). All ‘explicit’ info is encoded by the episodic system first
“system consolidation” slowly transforms memories episodic -> semantic