Face Recognition Flashcards
In what way is Bruce and Young’s early model of face recognition modular?
Different sub-functions are processed independently
There are distinct pathways for what in Bruce and Young’s early model of face recognition?
Recognising familiar faces vs recognising expressions
Parallel pathways deal with what in Bruce and Young’s early model of face recognition?
Facial expression, facial speech and visually derived semantic information (e.g. sex, age, race)
In Bruce and Young’s model, for recognition, a familiar face activates what?
A Face Recognition Unit
Face Recognition Units are linked to Personal Identity Nodes. What are these?
Gateways to semantic information about the person
Personal Identity Nodes are linked to what?
Name generation
What is meant by Bruce and Young’s model being a cereal process?
One thing has to happen before the next, and they can’t happen in another order
What were the most common errors in the memory loss diary study?
- Person not recognised
- Feeling of familiarity without identity
- Person recognised but no name retrieved
- Person misidentified
What are the two things familiarity does not influence?
- Gender decisions
- Expression analysis
What is meant by double dissociation between the processing of facial expression and face recognition?
Some people have a deficit in identity but not expression, others have a deficit in expression but not in identity. The fact people can have damage to one but not the other shows the two recognising must be separate
Define semantic priming
A face is responded to faster if it follows a closely related face, compared to an unrelated face
Summarise the key points of McCleeland’s Interactive Activation and Competition (IAC) model
- Parallel distributed networks that have interactive activation and competition built in as basic processes
- Concepts and category learning via an IAC model
- Semantic information is “pooled”
- Relationships between different bits of knowledge are represented in the connections between pools
In McCleeland’s IAC model, how do connections within and between pools differ?
Connections within a pool are mutually inhibitory (when one area of pool is activated, other pools are inhibited)
Connections between pools are mutually facilitatory (one member of the pools inhibits the other member in the pool)
Personal identity nodes can be partially activated through what?
Shared semantics
What are first order relations?
The configuration of the face that everybody shares - the eyes are above the nose, which is above the mouth
What are second order relations?
The fine-grained spatial interrelationship between features
In what ways has the concept of recognising faces through second order relations been proved wrong?
Stretching, squashing, shearing alter SORs but faces remain easily identifiable. Negative faces very difficult to recognise despite preserving configurable information
Face processing in the brain is widely distributed. Where are some core aspects localised?
Superior temporal sulcus and inferior temporal cortex. This is where we see face selective neurons
Briefly summarise hierarchical accounts of processing
Cells in inferior temporal cortex are selective to complex stimuli giving credence to hierarchical theories of object perception. Means early visual cortex codes elementary features such as line orientation and colour. Outputs combined to form detectors of higher-order features such as corners or T-junctions. Cells at highest levels in hierarchy code specific shapes such as hands or faces.
