Long Term Control of Blood Pressure Flashcards
What does long term control of blood pressure revolve around?
Control of plasma volume by the kidneys
What are the 3 main hormonal systems involved in long term control of blood pressure?
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Antidiuretic factor (ADH, vasopressin)
Atrial natriuretic peptide
What is antidiuretic factor also known as?
ADH or vasopressin
What are some examples of the functions of the kidneys?
Excretion of waste products
Maintenance of ion balance
Regulation of pH
Regulation of osmolarity
Regulation of plasma volume
What is controlled to regulate mean arterial pressure in the long term?
Plasma volume
How do the kidneys regulate plasma volume?
1) Renal counter-current system creates a very high osmolarity outside the collecting duct
2) Control over Na+ transport determines how big that osmotic gradient is
3) Control over the permeability of the collecting duct to water determines if water follows that osmotic gradient or not
4) Hence you can control how much water is lost in the urine, and how much is retained
What determines how big the osmotic gradient between the collecting duct and outside it is?
Control over Na+ transport
What determines whether water follows the osmotic gradient of the collecting duct or not?
Control over the permeability of the collecting duct
What are the 2 things the collecting duct can be made to be?
Very permeable to water
Very impermeable to water
What does the kidney duct being very permeable to water result in?
Lots of water reabsorption, little urine and conserve plasma volume
What does the kidney’s collecting duct being very impermeable to water result in?
Little reabsorption, lots of urine and a reduction in plasma volume
What is diuresis?
Increased or excessive production of urine
What is increased or excessive production of urine called?
Diuresis
What are the 3 distinct hormonal processes that regulate the permeability of the collecting ducts, and in turn plasma colume?
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Antidiuretic factor
Atrial natriuretic peptide
What is renin produced by?
Juxtaglomerular (granule cells) of the kidneys
What is production of renin triggered by?
Activation of sympathetic nerves to juxtaglomerular apparatus
Decreased distension of afferent arterioles (known as the renal baroreflex)
Decreased delivery of Na+/Cl- through the tubule
What does renin do?
Converts inactive angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which in turn is converted by angiotensin converting enzyme to angiotensin II
What catalyses the reaction of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I?
Renin
What catalyses the reaction of angiotensin I to angiotensis II?
Angiotensis converting enzyme