Imaging Circulatory Disturbances Flashcards
What questions should be asked for vascular imaging?
What is the anatomy
Is there a leak
Is there a blockage
Can it be fixed
What are anatomical vascular imaging?
Plain films
Contrast angiography
Ultrasound
CT/MRI
What are functional vascular imaging?
Radionuclide imaging
MRI functional imaging
Ultrasound
What are some problems with vascular imaging?
Soft tissue contrast (cannot see important structures like blood vessels and lumen of hollow viscera)
Functional significance of lesions
Is treatment effective
What are the ideal properties of a manmade contrast agent in radiology?
Has an attenuation the same as the surrounding tissues
Inexpensive
Inert (chemically inactive)
Equial distribution in and out of selected body compartments
Painless
Easy to use
What does inert mean?
Chemically inactive
What are some examples of different contrasts?
Iodinated contrast
Parenteral iodinated contrast
Carbon dioxide
What does parenteral mean?
Administered elsewhere than the mouth
What are advantages of iodinated contrast?
Differential X-ray attenuation
Inert
Stable in selected body compartments
Painless
Easy to use
Cheap
What are disadvantages of iodinated contrast?
Major reactions
Renal dysfunction
Disturbance of thyroid metabolism
Disturbance of clotting
Seizures
Pulmonary oedema
What kind of contrast agent is carbon dioxide?
Negative contrast agent (appears radiolucent due to low density, instead of typical substances that are radiopque with high density)
In what patients is using carbon dioxide as contrast useful?
Patients with poor renal function
What is used to get contrast into vessels?
Catheter angiography
What is the process of catheter angiography to get contrast into vessles?
1) Vessel punctured and catheterised
2) Contrast injected using pump injector
3) Rapid series of images acquired
What are things that can be treated using intervention radiology (with minimal invasion)?
Angiography/angioplasty
Embolisation
Catheter thrombolysis
Drainage of abscesses
Nephrostomy
Vertebroplasty