Long-Term Conditions (Chronic Illness) Flashcards
what is pathophysiology?
defines the basis of the underlying disease process
what is clinical disease?
occurs when the pathophysiological process leads to a specific clinical consequence
what is the illness episode?
time between the onset and offset of illness
what is body and structure impairment?
defined as any disturbance in body structures, or organ or system function which are present at birth and arise from disease or injury. this essentially equated to the presence of clinical disease.
what is activity limitation?
this is the restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in a manner or within the range which would be considered normal.
what are participation restrictions?
a social construct depending on meanings and values. the social disadvantage for a given individual resulting from an impairment or activity limitation that limits or prevents the fulfilment of a role that is normal for that individual.
what is the WHO’s definition of health?
health is a state of complete physical , mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
what factors may influence a chronic disease?
- environmental factors
2. genetic factors
what is vulnerability?
an individuals capacity to resist disease, repair damage and restore physiological homeostasis.
this is important in the extremes of life and even certain organs can vary - to an extent the liver repairs well, whereas the brain dopes not.
what is the impact of chronic illness on
A. patient
B. family
C. other family members
D. community/society
A. patient can have denial, apathy or self-pity
B. the family can undergo financial and emotional strain
C. other family members may become ill as a result
D. Community/society - isolation of an individual may result
suggest the important features of the hypothetico-deductive reasoning problem solving approach
some causes are more probable than others. whilst it is therefore efficienct to bear the common causes uppermost in our minds, at the back of our minds we also have to hold the important, although rare, possibilities. some of these may have to be positively excluded even though they are likely
some pieces of information are more valuable than others, in fat often a very few pieces of information are crucial, whilst other information adds relatively little to the solution of the problem
name the benefits of using the inductive method of problem solving
it is the best way of learning about clinical method, because it gives you a lot of practice in all the various skills that are involved
it is also efficient when you have no idea what is wrong with a patient and can be used by premature doctors.
what type of problem solving reasoning are GPs most likely to use?
hypothetico-deductive reasoning
this is partly because the business of dealing with large numbers of people whose initial complaints are completely undifferentiated demands some way of short-cutting through the painstaking intricacies of the inductive method, largely by cutting out lines of enquiry and examination that are likely to be unproductive.
what is pay-off?
Pay-off means that we give disproportionate
attention to possibilities that are curable or treatable if diagnosed at an early stage
Name 10 members of the primary health care team and their role
- GP partners
- GP assistants and other salaried doctors
- GP registrars
- Practice nurses
- Practice managers
- Receptionist
- Community nurses
- Midwives
- Health Visitors
- Nurse Practitioners
