FoPC

Question 1

what 3 broad types of skills

Answer 1

1. content skills
2. perceptual skills
3. process skills

Question 2

what are the 3 types of problem solving that a GP may use?

Answer 2

1. inductive reasoning
2. hypothetico-deductive reasoning
3. pattern recognition

Question 3

Name 5 factors that affect a consultation

Answer 3

1. site and environment
2. adequacy of medical records
3. time constraints
4. patient status
5. personal factors

Question 4

what kind of questions can you use to elicit more information?

Answer 4

1. open-ended questions
2. direct questions
3. closed questions
4. leading questions
5. reflected questions

Question 5

what is the word used when body language and verbal language match?

Answer 5

1. congruence

Question 6

what percentage of the population are attending the GP for care at any point in time?

Answer 6

19%

Question 7

are there any issues in having done the majority of undergraduate training in hospital specialties when considering, for example, a child presenting with abdominal pain?

Answer 7

the hospital is just the tip of the iceberg. you will see a narrow spectrum of presentations in hospital and may gain a distorted view of the presentations of illness.

Question 8

what form of problem solving does a GP use to rapidly narrow down the list of likely diagnoses?

Answer 8

hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

Question 9

what is the WHO definition of health?

Answer 9

not merely the absence of disease but also the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being

Question 10

Jim is out walking to the newsagents when he becomes clammy, out of breath and nauseated. He starts to sweat and has a heavy feeling on his chest. He becomes faint, collapses and an ambulance is called. What is the likely diagnosis

Answer 10

Myocardial infarction

Question 11

He is admitted to hospital and treated in CCU. He is discharged 48 hours later on medication. What groups of medication might he now be on

Answer 11

1. antiplatelets
2. anti-anginals
3. anti-hypertensives
4. statins

Question 12

The discharge letter arrives with you 8 days later, and you note that Jim was asked to make an appointment with you. You check and he has not done so. You ask reception to phone him and ask him to come in.
Jim attends and tells you he decided not to start the medication. You endeavour to persuade him to start. What consultation model would be the preferred option when discussing Jim’s new treatment with him?

Answer 12

Mutual participation – Jim is an intelligent person who would likely respond to information about the risks and benefits of the proposed treatment. It would be important to allow him to ask questions and to understand his treatment. This would likely result in improved compliance.

Question 13

factors might put someone at risk of developing a long-term condition?

Answer 13

1. genetics

2. environmental factors

Question 14

Long-term conditions may have far reaching “impacts”. Give three examples of potential “impacts” of a long-term condition.

Answer 14

1. on the individual - negative or positive (denial, self pity and apathy - lack of interest)
2. on the family - financial, emotional - the health of other family members may be affected
3. community/society - isolation of an individual may result - physical adaptations and changes in attitude may be required.

it has been said that the success of a community can be judged on how it looks after its infirm members

Question 15

what 3 categories are used to classify disability?

Answer 15

1. activity limitation
2. body and structure impairment
3. participation restrictions

Question 16

list 5 members of the primary care team and their roles

Answer 16

1. GP - coordinating care and reviewing treatment and medication
2. district nurse - coordinating care at home (wound care, bloods, catheter care etc)
3. occupational therapist (OT) - assessing environment around the patient at home and work and providing aids to promote independence
4. Physiotherapist (PT) - looking to maximise a patient’s physical function (mobility, chest care)
5. care management co-ordinating social care package

Question 17

what are the two approaches that health care professional will use to help a patient overcome their limitations?

Answer 17

1. therapeutic - we change the nature of disability (treating the osteoarthritis
2. prosthetic - we change the environment (taxi-card, occupational therapy, rails at home etc

Question 18

list 8 factors that may affect the way a patient will react to their diagnosis

Answer 18

1. nature of the disability
2. information base of the individual - education and access to information
3. personality of the individual
4. coping strategies of the individual
5. role of individual (loss of role/change of role)
6. mood and emotional reaction of the individual
7. reaction of others around them
8. support network of the individual

Question 19

suggest 3 ways in which a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis may affect a patient’s life

Answer 19

1. personal
2. social
3. economic

Question 20

describe the different factors which may affect someone’s psychological adaptation to their illness

Answer 20

1. age - older people may have a different attitude to illness. young people may also not expect to become ill.
2. how common the illness is therefore dictating someone’s support network with friends (others may have understanding of the condition)
3. the speed of onset of the illness may mean that people have less time to adapt psychologically to the idea of being labelled as a ‘patient’ and being on a number of medications
   4.

Question 21

what barriers may there be to someone who wishes to stop smoking?

Answer 21

they use smoking as a coping strategy to manage a lot of other life stresses.

until a person finds other ways of coping then it is likely that they will return to smoking.

there may also be peer pressure from other friends and relatives who smoke and so there is a cultural normality.

Question 22

NAme the 4 aspects of clinical competence

Answer 22

1. knowledge
2. communication skills
3. physical examination
4. problem solving

Question 23

name the 3 different types of interview skills which may be used

Answer 23

1. content
2. perceptual
3. process

Question 24

suggest 4 physical factors which may affect the consultation

Answer 24

1. site and environment
2. adequacy of medical records (need to reassess)
3. time constraints
4. patient status (new or not known)

Question 25

suggest 6 factors which may affect a consultation

Answer 25

1. age
2. sex
3. origin (social and ethnic class)
4. belief (media, people and past experiences)
5. knowledge and skills
6. illness (terminal vs minor)

Question 26

describe the 3 main different types of doctor patient relationship

Answer 26

1. authoritarian/paternalistic
2. guidance/cooperation
3. mutualistic (most desirable)

Question 27

what are the 2 main activities associated with taking a consultation?

Answer 27

1. talking together
2. doctor examining the patient
3. performing procedures

Question 28

suggest the 5 different types of interview techniques

Answer 28

1. open ended question
2. listen and silence (nod and eye contact, facial expression and posture)
3. facilitation (change in posture and facial expression)
4. confrontation ( you looks sad)
5. support and reassurance

Question 29

suggest 5 different types of questioning to elicit more responses

Answer 29

1. open-ended question
2. direct question
3. closed question
4. leading question
5. reflected question

Question 30

suggest the 4 classes of non-verbal communication and give an example of each

Answer 30

1. instinctive - crying and laughing
2. learned - based on culture and family experiences
3. clinical observation - pain, abnormal movement and distress
4. body language - culture, context (pain/vision), congruence, gesture clusters (gestures in context), posture (may be depressed)

Question 31

how would you define disease?

Answer 31

signs and symptoms with diagnosis

Question 32

how would you define illness?

Answer 32

the patient’s ideas, concerns and expectations as well as their experience.

Question 33

suggest 4 medical and non medical factors that would affect a patient’s uptake of healthcare

Answer 33

medical:

1. duration
2. new symptoms
3. visible symptoms
4. increasing severity

Non-medical:

1. crisis, peers, beliefs, age, race, sex, expectations, social class, economic, access, psychological factors, environment

Question 34

suggest 3 pros and cons of a patient home visit

Answer 34

Pros

1. provides information on how the patient is coping
2. relatives present
3. convenient for the patient
4. provides social contact

CONS:

1. time consuming
2. lack of facilities
3. no chaperone
4. confidentiality concern

Question 35

suggest two ways in which the presentation of disease may be misleading

Answer 35

1. trivial illness may present with severe symptoms

2. severe illness may present with minor symptoms