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Pe > Long Term Adaptations > Flashcards

Long Term Adaptations Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular system adaptations (Aerobic)

A

• Increased cardiac hypertrophy
• Increased stroke volume
• Increased red blood cells
• Increased capitalisation of muscles
• Increased systolic blood pressure

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2
Q

Cardiac hypertrophy (Aerobic)

A

Myocardium increases in size and strength

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3
Q

Increased stroke volume …(Aerobic)

A

Increased delivery of oxygenated blood per beat to working muscles due to cardiac hypertrophy

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4
Q

Increased red blood cells = (Aerobic)

A

Greater saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen

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5
Q

Capitalisation of muscles means …(Aerobic)

A

Greater efficiency of internal gas exchange (capillaries to muscles)

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6
Q

Respiratory system adaptations (Aerobic)

A

• Increased number of alveoli
• Increased strength of respiratory muscles
• Increased vital capacity
• Increased capitalisation of alveoli

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7
Q

Increased alveoli means (Aerobic)

A

Increased efficiency of gas exchange

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8
Q

Respiratory muscle strength = (Aerobic)

A

Intercostals and diaphragm strengthen = increased tidal volume (amount of air breathed in or out per breath)

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9
Q

Increased vital capacity alows (Aerobic)

A

More blood to be forcefully inhaled or exhaled

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10
Q

More capillaries around alveoli means (Aerobic)

A

More efficient gas exchange as more blood available

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11
Q

Muscular system (Aerobic)

A

• increased capitalisation of muscled
• increased myoglobin in skeletal muscles
• increased mitochondria
• increased recruitment & composition of type 1 slow twitch fibres

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12
Q

Increased capitalisation means (Aerobic)

A

Increased transfer of oxygen

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13
Q

Increased myoglobin in muscles = (Aerobic)

A

More oxygen can be stored for when it’s needed

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14
Q

More mitochondria means (Aerobic)

A

More respiration can occurs and more energy can be created for movements

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15
Q

Myoglobin and mitochondria link (Aerobic)

A

More myoglobin = more oxygen stored = mitochondria can use oxygen stored = increased respiration rate = increased energy production

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16
Q

Effects on sporting performance
(Oxygen) (Aerobic)

A

• increased delivery of oxygenated blood 2 working muscles
• increased oxygen carrying capacity
• increased AVO2diff - greater extraction of oxygen at working muscles
• increased VO2 max

17
Q

Effect on sporting performance
(Substrates & usage) (Aerobic)

A

• increased anaerobic threshold = work in aerobic zone for longer
• preserve anaerobic stored = can be used for high intensity efforts like sprint finish

18
Q

Effects on sporting performance (Aerobic)

A

• delay obla
• work at a higher intensity for longer

19
Q

Aerobic training

A

Continuous
Endurance
Fartlek

20
Q

Anaerobic training

A

Strength / weight
Plyometrics
Speed training
HIIT

21
Q

Skeletal muscle adaptations (anaerobic)

A

• muscle hypertrophy
• increased bone mineral density
• increased strength of tendons (BM) and ligaments (BB)
• increased recruitment and composition of type 2b fast twitch muscle fibres
• increased glycogen storage

22
Q

Neuromuscular adaptations (anaerobic)

A

• increased transmission of nerve impulses
• increased recruitment of motor units
• increased synchronisation of motor units (fired at the same time)

23
Q

Neuromuscular adaptations means (anaerobic)

A

An increased muscle activation and force production

24
Q

Effects on sporting performance (contractions) (anaerobic)

A

• increased force production per contraction
• increased speed of contraction
• increased coordination of antagonistic pairs = efficient contractions

25
Q

Effect on performance (energy stores) (anaerobic)

A
  • increased glycogen and pc stores
  • increased utilisation of glycogen and pc
  • work anaerobically for longer
  • increased tolerance to lactic acid
26
Q

Effect on performance (general) (anaerobic)

A
  • work at higher intensity for longer
  • reduced risk of injury
  • enhanced reaction time
27
Q

who is anaerobic adaptations gona benifit the most ?

A

Power athletes - javelin, shotput, high jump
sprinters
(Allow Usain Bolt to gain a quicker time)

28
Q

Who is gona benifit from aerobuc adaptetions the most ?

A

Endurance athletes - MO Farrah

Pe (4 decks)

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