Long Response Five

Question 1

Intro

Answer 1

• Across culture myth use archetypes to reflect universal human and cultural values
• Heroes often embody certain traits across time and geography
• The hero archetype is central to Roman and Greek myth as it symbolizes perseverance, moral struggle, and triumph over adversity.
• Explore the universal traits of heroism while highlight the cultural difference in definition heroism in roman and greek mythology

Question 2

P1

Answer 2

Explain Archetype
1. Definition
- A hero is a figure that endures heart trails while aiming for a specific goal
- Embodying values of their culture
- The journey of a hero usually symbolizes the society they come from (values and struggles)

2. Greek values
   
   • Greek heroism places an emphasis on individual victory
   • Focus on personal victory or glory (kleos)
   • Emphasizes personal excellence (arete)
   • Cunning (metis)
   • Ability to outwit adversaries
3. Roman values
   
   • Roman heroism places emphasis on duty (pietas) and a possibility to the state and common good
   • Loyalty to destiny
   • Admired for their self sacrifice

Question 3

P2

Answer 3

Odysseus
1. Summary
- Odysseus faces many challenges on his way home after the Trojan War such as Scyla, Circe, and Polyphemus
- His ultimate goal is a homecoming or nostos and reclaiming his place as king of Ithaca

2. Expression of Archetype
   
   • Cunning and Survival: Demonstrates intelligence (metis) by outwitting
   • Polyphemus, using the clever strategy of referring to himself as ‘nobody’
   • Pursuit of Glory: His actions as a hero are driven by a desire for legacy and glory or Kleos
3. Cultural Context
   
   • Individualism, personal excellence, intellectual prowess
   • Highlights the importance of personal achievement and legacy in Greek culture

Question 4

P3

Answer 4

Aeneas
1. Summary
- Aeneas leads Trojan refugees to Italy
- Overcoming divine opposition (Juno’s Wrath)
- Personal losses (Dido)
- Overall challenges (war with Turnus)
- His goal - found rome and ensure Trojan lineage

2. Expression of Archetype
   
   • Duty and Sacrifice - embodies pietas by prioritizing hid divine mission, other peoples needs over his personal desires
   • Ex. leaving Dido despite their love
3. Cultural Context
   
   • Reflects roman value of duty, order, and loyalty to family and state

Question 5

P4

Answer 5

1. Similarities
   
   • Both endure challenges and divine opposition in their journeys
   • Both guided by a higher purpose
     Odysseus seeks nostos
     Aeneas fulfills divine destiny
   • Both interact with gods, who shape their journey, highlighting the relationships between mortal and immortal realms
2. Differences
   - Motivations
   
   • Odysseus is driven by personal glory (kleos) and nostos
   • Aeneas is driven by fulfilling his mission, putting Pietas over his own personal desires

• Cultural Values
  
  • Greek heroism focuses on individuality and personal excellence
  • Roman heroism emphasizes the collective over personal excellence - a duty to the collective - societal order and progress