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LONG QUIZ 2 (2nd shifting) Flashcards

1
Q

Vaculitides with unknown pathogenesis

A

Giant cell arteritis
Takayasu arteritis
Polyarteritis nodosa

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2
Q

CONGENITAL ANOMALIES

A

BERRY ANEURYSM
ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA
FIBROMUSCULAR DYSLPASIA

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3
Q

Abnormal , small direct connection between artery and vein

A

ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA

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4
Q

Focal, irregular thickening of and attenuation of the arterial
wall Due to intimal and medial hyperplasia and fibrosis

A

FIBROMUSCULAR DYSLPASIA

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5
Q

Outpouchings in cerebral vessels

A

BERRY ANEURYSM

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6
Q

3 patterns of arteriosclerosis

A
  1. Atherosclerosis
  2. Monckeberg medial sclerosis
  3. Arteriosclerosis
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7
Q

Calcific deposits in muscular arteries in person

typically older than 50 y/o

A

Monckeberg medial sclerosis

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8
Q

Affects small arteries and arterioles
Hyaline or hyperplastic
Associated with hypertension and DM

A

Arteriosclerosis

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9
Q

Characterized by intimal lesions called atheromas

(atheromatous or atherosclerotic plaques) that protrude in the vessel lumens

A

Atherosclerosis

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10
Q

Atherosclerosis Cause pathology by the ff mechanisms

A
  1. Mechanical obstruction of flow
  2. Rupture leading to thrombosis
  3. Weakening of the underlying vessel wall, leading to
    aneurysm
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11
Q

Major risk factors of Atherosclerosis

A 
o Family history
o Hypercholesterolemia
o Hypertension
o Smoking
o Diabetes
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12
Q

Oxidized LDLs are ingested by macrophages, causing

formation of?

A

Foam cells

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13
Q

infections detected in atherosclerotic plaques

A

Herpes, CMV, and Chlamydia pneumonia

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14
Q

Consequences of atherosclerosis

A 
Atherosclerotic Stenosis
Acute Plaque change
Thrombosis
Vasoconstriction
Vessel wall weakening
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15
Q

plaques that have large deformable cores, thin

fibrous caps, more inflammatory cell content

A

 Vulnerable plaques

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16
Q

plaques with minimal core and thicker, well collagenized fibrous caps, less inflammation

A

Stable plaques

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17
Q

Rapidly rising BP; Leads to death if untreated within 1 to 2 years

A

malignant hypertension

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18
Q

Mechanisms of essential HPN

A

o Genetic factors
o Reduced renal sodium excretion
o Vasoconstrictive influences
o Environmental factors

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19
Q

SINGLE GENE DISORDERS related to HPN

A

Liddle syndrome
Involved in aldosterone
metabolism

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20
Q

MORPHOLOGIC CHANGE IN HYPERTENSION

A

Hyaline arteriosclerosis

Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis

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21
Q

Benign nephrosclerosis assoc w/?

A

Hyaline arteriosclerosis

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22
Q

Necrotizing arteriolitis in the kidney

A

Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis

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23
Q

Onion skin

A

Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis

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24
Q

Localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel or wall of the

heart

A

Aneurysms

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25
Q

Aneurysm bounded by arterial wall components

A

True Aneurysm

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26
Q

breach in the vascular wall leading to extravascular

hematoma

A

False Aneurysm

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27
Q

types of true aneurysms

A
  • Atherosclerotic
  • Syphilitic
  • Congenital vascular aneurysms
  • Ventricular aneurysms that follow transmural MI
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28
Q

arises when blood enters the arterial wall itself, as a

hematoma dissecting between its layers

A

Arterial dissection

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29
Q

2 most important disorders that predispose to aortic aneurysms

A

atherosclerosis

HPN

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30
Q

embolization of a septic embolus; complication of infective endocarditis

A

Mycotic aneurysms

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31
Q

Two variants of Abdominal aortic aneurysms

A

Inflammatory

Mycotic

32
Q

bacteremia from a primary Salmonella gastroenteritis may cause this type of AAA

33
Q

Obliterative endarteritis characteristic of tertiary stage of syphilis

A

Syphilitic Aneurysm

34
Q

tree barking/wrinkling of the aortic intima

A

Syphilitic Aneurysm

35
Q

“cor bovinum”

A

Syphilitic Aneurysm

36
Q

most frequent preexisting histologically detectable lesion in aortic dissections

A

Medial Degeneration

37
Q

heterogenous group of diseases characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis of blood vessel wall

A

Vasculitides

38
Q

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-mediated vasculitides

A

 Wegener granulomatosis
 Churg-Strauss
 Microscopic polyangitis

39
Q

LARGE VESSEL VASCULITIS

A

Giant cell arteritis

Takayasu’s arteritis

40
Q

Medium arteries Vasculitis

A

Classical Polyarteritis Nodosa

Kawasaki disease

41
Q

Small vessels and medium arteries vasculitis

A

Wegener’s granulomatosis
Churg-Strauss syndrome
Microscopic polyangiitis

42
Q

Small vessels

Leucocytoclastic

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

cryoglobulinaemia

43
Q

granulomatous arteritis of aorta and major branches, predilection for extracranial branch of carotid artery, often temporal artery; px > 50 y/o

A

GIANT CELL (TEMPORAL) ARTERITIS

44
Q

most common form of vasculitis among elderly individuals in the United States and Europe

A

GIANT CELL (TEMPORAL) ARTERITIS

45
Q

type of inflam of Giant cell arteritis

A

granulomatous inflammation

46
Q

granulomatous inflammation of aorta and its major branches; px < 50 y/o

A

TAKAYASU ARTERITIS

47
Q

TAKAYASU ARTERITIS aka?

A

pulseless disease

48
Q

manifests with transmural fibrous thickening of the aorta and severe luminal narrowing of the major branch vessels

A

Takayasu arteritis

49
Q

necrotizing inflammation of medium-sized or small arteries w/o glomerulonephritis or vasculitis in arterioles, capillaries or venules

A

POLYARTERITIS NODOSA

50
Q

POLYARTERITIS NODOSA typically involving renal and visceral vessels but sparing the?

A

pulmonary circulation

51
Q

Impaired perfusion resulting in ulcerations, infarcts, ischemic atrophy, or hemorrhages (1st sign of disease)

A

POLYARTERITIS NODOSA

52
Q

arteritis of large, medium, and small arteries associated with mucocutaneous LN syndrome, often in children

A

KAWASAKI DISEASE

53
Q

leading cause of acquired heart disease in children

A

KAWASAKI DISEASE

54
Q

 Eosinophil rich and granulomatous inflammation involving respiratory tract and necrotizing vasculitis, assoc with asthma and blood eosinophilia

A

CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME (ALLERGIC GRANULOMATOSIS AND ANGIITIS)

55
Q

Major aassociations of CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME

A

o Cutaneous involvement (palpable purpura)
o GIT bleeding
o renal disease (primarily as focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis

56
Q

Granulomatous inflammation involving respiratory tract and necrotizing vasculitis of small to medium sized vessels. necrotizing glomerulonephritis common

A

WEGENER’S GRANULOMATOSIS

57
Q

WEGENER’S GRANULOMATOSIS is Characterized by a triad of:

A

Acute necrotizing granuloma
Necrotizing or granulomatous vasculitis
glomerulonephritis

58
Q

necrotizing vasculitis with few or no immune deposits affecting small vessel

A

MICROSCOPIC POLYANGIITIS/POLYARTERITIS

59
Q

MICROSCOPIC POLYANGIITIS/POLYARTERITIS is also called

A

hypersensitivity vasculitis or leukocytoclastic vasculitis

60
Q

Pauci-immune injury (Devoid of immune complexes)

A

MICROSCOPIC POLYANGIITIS/POLYARTERITIS

61
Q

Segmental thrombosing acute and chronic inflammation of medium-sized and small arteries, principally tibial and radial arteries, sometimes secondarily extending to veins and nerves of extremities

A

THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS (BUERGER DISEASE)

62
Q

 Early manifestations OF THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS (BUERGER DISEASE)

A

o superficial nodular phlebitis
o cold sensitivity of the Raynaud type in the hands
o Instep claudication

63
Q

 Paroxysmal pallor or cyanosis of digits of hands or feet and,
infrequently the tips of nose or ears owing to cold-induced
vasoconstriction of digital arteries, precapillary arterioles,
and cutaneous AV shunts

A

RAYNAUD PHENOMENON

64
Q

 Structural changes absent, intimal thickening in late course; Exaggeration of normal central and local vasomotor response to cold or emotion

A

RAYNAUD PHENOMENON

65
Q

 Refers to arterial insufficiency of extremities caused by
various conditions including: SLE, scleroderma,
atherosclerosis, Buerger disease

A

SECONDARY RAYNAUD PHENOMENON

66
Q

Abnormally dilated tortuous veins produced by prolonged
increased intraluminal pressure and loss of vessel wall
support

A

VARICOSE VEIN

67
Q

Two other sites of varicose veins

A

esophageal varices, hemorrhoids

68
Q

stasis dermatitis manifestation

A

VARICOSE VEIN

69
Q

result from primary varicose dilation of the venous plexus

at the anorectal junction

A

hemorrhoids

70
Q

designations for venous thrombosis and inflammation

A

Thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis

71
Q

venous
thromboses appear in one site, disappear, and then reoccur
in other veins

A

Migratory thrombophlebitis (Trousseau sign)-

72
Q

affected lymphatics are dilated and filled with an exudate of neutrophils and monocytes

A

Lymphadenitis

73
Q

produce readily recognizable vascular channels filled with blood cells or lymphatics with transudate, lined by layer of normal endothelial cells without atypia

A

Benign tumors

74
Q

are more solidly cellular with cytologic anaplasia, mitotic figures, do no form well organized vessels

A

Malignant tumors

75
Q

Malignant neoplasms

A

o Angiosarcoma

o Hemangiopericytoma

PATHOLOGY (9 decks)

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