LONG QUIZ Flashcards
Stages of Medico-Legal Investigation
- Crime Scene Investigation
- Autopsy
It is the conduct of processes, more particularly, the recognition, handling, preservation and documentation of physical evidence to include the identification and interview of witnesses and the arrest of suspect/s at the crime scene, the manner the criminal act was executed, and such other things that may be useful in the prosecution of the case.
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
The area is blocked out in the form of a rectangle. The searcher proceeds slowly at the same pace along the path parallel to one side of the rectangle.
Strip Method
Methods of Conducting a Search
- Strip Method
- Double Strip or Grid Method
- Spiral Method
- Wheel/Ray Method
- Zone Method
This search is a modification of the strip search method. The searchers will
traverse first parallel to the base and then parallel to the side.
Double Strip or Grid Method
The searchers follow each other in the path in the spiral manner beginning from the center towards the outside or vice versa.
Spiral Method
The searchers gather at the center and proceed outwards along radii or spokes.
Wheel/Ray Method
Whole area is divided into subdivisions or quadrants and search is made in the individual quadrants.
Zone Method
It is a comprehensive study of a dead body, performed by a trained physician employing recognized dissection procedure and techniques. It includes removal of tissues for further examination.
Autopsy
It refers to an external examination of a dead body without incision being made, although blood and other body fluids may be collected for examination.
Post-mortem Examination
Kinds of Autopsy
a. Hospital or Non-official Autopsy
b. Medico-legal or Official Autopsy
An autopsy is called a ____ if after all efforts, including gross and microscopic studies and toxicological analyses, fail to reveal a cause of death. It is an autopsy which after a meticulous examination with the aid of other examinations does not yield any definite cause of death.
Negative Autopsy
An autopsy wherein no cause of death is found on account of imprudence, negligence, lack of skill or lack of foresight of the examiner. The act or omission which may be inadvertent or deliberate may be:
Negligent Autopsy
Animal bites, injection marks, electrical necrosis may be overlooked in a hasty external examination.
Failure to make a thorough external examination
Condition of the organs, presence of air in pneumothorax or bubbles of air in the circulatory system may remain unnoticed by the pathologist.
Inadequate or improper internal examinations
Tissue blocks may not be taken in the proper areas, poor preparation of
the microscopic slides and improper lighting during the process of examination may lead to an erroneous
interpretation.
Improper histological examination
A qualitative and quantitative determination of toxic materials
or its metabolites must be shown. Sometimes difficulty is encountered by the forensic chemist because of the lapse of time and rapid elimination of the drug.
Lack of toxicological or other laboratory aids
The examiner must have had vast experience in autopsy investigation and must have the capacity to distinguish pathological changes in the body tissues.
Pathologist Incompetence
CAUSES OF DEATH
- Immediate (Primary) Cause of Death
- The Proximate (Secondary) Cause of Death
MEDICO-LEGAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE CAUSES OF DEATH
a. Natural Death
b. Violent Death
Penal Classification of Violent Deaths
- Accidental Death
- Negligent Death
- Suicidal Death
- Parricidal Death
- Infanticidal Death
- Murder
- Homicidal Death
This is death caused by a natural disease condition in the body. The disease may develop spontaneously,
or it might have been a consequence of physical injury inflicted prior to its development. If a natural disease
developed without the intervention of the felonious acts of another person, no one can be held responsible for the
death.
Natural Death
are those due to injuries inflicted in the body by some forms of outside force. The physical injury must be the proximate cause of death.
Violent Death
Death due to misadventure or accident. An accident is something that happens outside the sway of our will, and although it comes about through some act of will, lies beyond bounds of human foreseeable consequences.
Accidental Death
