London Flashcards
CBD
central business district:
main shopping and entertainment service
normally in the centre of the city
Inner circle/city
most likely the oldest part of the city
contains small industries, offices and flats
problems in the inner cities:
pollution can occur due to less advanced technology
poverty due to smaller industries and flats
poor quality of life due to poor quality housing
suburbs
the are on the edge of the city
buildings are newer further out of the city
may contain out of town shopping centres for convenience
Rural urban fringe
small towns outside the city which are desirable places to live
more expensive houses are here
low life expectancy is linked to
poor diet
poor quality housing
education
lack of employment
urban area
an area that has been built up
inequalities
the idea that different people experience different standards of living
migration
the movement of people within a country from one area to another
immigration
the movement from one country to another
dereliction
land previously used for industry which has fallen into decay
urban regeneration
improving the economic, social and environmental conditions, of a previously run down area
green belt land
protected land around an urban area, aiming to protect the surrounding countryside from development
green field site
land that has not previously been built on
advantages of building on a green field site
easier to sell homes due to pleasant countryside environment
no demolition or decontamination is required
more space for gardens
existing roads wont cause restrictions
brown field site
land that has previously been built on and may not be derelict or disused
advantages of building on a brown field site
cheaper as cabling and pipes are already installed
prevents urban sprawl
could be better for the environment as it does not destroy any habitats
easier to transport materials due to existing roads
disadvantages of green field sites
more expensive as you have to start from scratch
harder to transport supplies due to lack of roads
natural habitats will be destroyed
encourages urban sprawl
disadvantages of brown field sites
could be dangerous (old wires and pipes)
area could be contaminated
builders must be weary of citizens
could also be more difficult to transport materials due to traffic
loud environment
urban sprawl
the unplanned growth of urban areas into surrounding rural areas
people that are affected by urban sprawl
elderly
environmentalists
poorer communities
richer communities
builders/architects
urban greening
the process of increasing and preserving open spaces, such as public parks and gardens, in urban areas
47% of london is open green space
statistical information about green cities
8.1 million trees are in london
13,000 wildlife species
30,000 allotments (shared open spaces where people grow their own food)
commuter settlement
a settlement whose residents live there but work elsewhere
integrated transport system
when all aspects of a transport system are linked in some way
opportunities in shoreditch
old factories and warehouses were converted into offices and flats which provide more job opportunities and attracts more businesses and companies
old pubs are replaced with restaurants and art galleries which attracts tourism and improves quality of life
small markets are replaced by high tech companies which create job opportunities for younger workers who migrate to the city. This also increases wages and makes the area more trendy
gentrification begins (the movement of richer communities moving to poorer communities) as better buildings are built which increases the property value which in turn, increases the value of the economy
challenges in shoreditch
- overpopulation can occur which increases carbon emissions
- some people feel disconnected as society is so overcrowded
- pricing of housing increases, which forces people with lower incomes to move out
- less educated people may not have the qualifications for these large companies which results in unemployment and poverty
london’s national significance
tourist attraction
capital city
economic hub(makes lots of money)
london’s international significance
International students attend its universities
has 3 airports
high economic value
RAF
assess the importance of managing transport as a part of urban sustainability
- integrated transport systems, no need to use cars which will reduce carbon emissions
- use of ULEZ and congestion charging to help further reduce congestion rates to combat climate change
- reducing traffic to help reduce the amount of traffic accidents and fatalities
- bicycle lanes and oyster cards help to improve ease of access for those who need to go to work and contribute to the economy
