London

Question 1

CBD

Answer 1

central business district:
main shopping and entertainment service
normally in the centre of the city

Question 2

Inner circle/city

Answer 2

most likely the oldest part of the city
contains small industries, offices and flats

Question 3

problems in the inner cities:

Answer 3

pollution can occur due to less advanced technology
poverty due to smaller industries and flats
poor quality of life due to poor quality housing

Question 4

suburbs

Answer 4

the are on the edge of the city
buildings are newer further out of the city
may contain out of town shopping centres for convenience

Question 5

Rural urban fringe

Answer 5

small towns outside the city which are desirable places to live
more expensive houses are here

Question 6

low life expectancy is linked to

Answer 6

poor diet
poor quality housing
education
lack of employment

Question 7

urban area

Answer 7

an area that has been built up

Question 8

inequalities

Answer 8

the idea that different people experience different standards of living

Question 9

migration

Answer 9

the movement of people within a country from one area to another

Question 10

immigration

Answer 10

the movement from one country to another

Question 11

dereliction

Answer 11

land previously used for industry which has fallen into decay

Question 12

urban regeneration

Answer 12

improving the economic, social and environmental conditions, of a previously run down area

Question 13

green belt land

Answer 13

protected land around an urban area, aiming to protect the surrounding countryside from development

Question 14

green field site

Answer 14

land that has not previously been built on

Question 15

advantages of building on a green field site

Answer 15

easier to sell homes due to pleasant countryside environment
no demolition or decontamination is required
more space for gardens
existing roads wont cause restrictions

Question 16

brown field site

Answer 16

land that has previously been built on and may not be derelict or disused

Question 17

advantages of building on a brown field site

Answer 17

cheaper as cabling and pipes are already installed
prevents urban sprawl
could be better for the environment as it does not destroy any habitats
easier to transport materials due to existing roads

Question 18

disadvantages of green field sites

Answer 18

more expensive as you have to start from scratch
harder to transport supplies due to lack of roads
natural habitats will be destroyed
encourages urban sprawl

Question 19

disadvantages of brown field sites

Answer 19

could be dangerous (old wires and pipes)
area could be contaminated
builders must be weary of citizens
could also be more difficult to transport materials due to traffic
loud environment

Question 20

urban sprawl

Answer 20

the unplanned growth of urban areas into surrounding rural areas

Question 21

people that are affected by urban sprawl

Answer 21

elderly
environmentalists
poorer communities
richer communities
builders/architects

Question 22

urban greening

Answer 22

the process of increasing and preserving open spaces, such as public parks and gardens, in urban areas
47% of london is open green space

Question 23

statistical information about green cities

Answer 23

8.1 million trees are in london
13,000 wildlife species
30,000 allotments (shared open spaces where people grow their own food)

Question 24

commuter settlement

Answer 24

a settlement whose residents live there but work elsewhere

Question 25

integrated transport system

Answer 25

when all aspects of a transport system are linked in some way

Question 26

opportunities in shoreditch

Answer 26

old factories and warehouses were converted into offices and flats which provide more job opportunities and attracts more businesses and companies

old pubs are replaced with restaurants and art galleries which attracts tourism and improves quality of life

small markets are replaced by high tech companies which create job opportunities for younger workers who migrate to the city. This also increases wages and makes the area more trendy

gentrification begins (the movement of richer communities moving to poorer communities) as better buildings are built which increases the property value which in turn, increases the value of the economy

Question 27

challenges in shoreditch

Answer 27

• overpopulation can occur which increases carbon emissions
• some people feel disconnected as society is so overcrowded
• pricing of housing increases, which forces people with lower incomes to move out
• less educated people may not have the qualifications for these large companies which results in unemployment and poverty

Question 28

london’s national significance

Answer 28

tourist attraction
capital city
economic hub(makes lots of money)

Question 29

london’s international significance

Answer 29

International students attend its universities
has 3 airports
high economic value
RAF

Question 30

assess the importance of managing transport as a part of urban sustainability

Answer 30

• integrated transport systems, no need to use cars which will reduce carbon emissions
• use of ULEZ and congestion charging to help further reduce congestion rates to combat climate change
• reducing traffic to help reduce the amount of traffic accidents and fatalities
• bicycle lanes and oyster cards help to improve ease of access for those who need to go to work and contribute to the economy