LoN 2

Question 1

What is an example of a private group that had been pressing for schemes for a new world order?

Answer 1

American League to enforce Peace

Question 2

What did Wilson believe the LoN could achieve domestically?

Answer 2

Personal glory for Wilson

Power and prestige for the USA

Question 3

What did Wilson’s aspirations for the LoN include?

Answer 3

• Resisting Bolshevism
• Underwriting peace treaties
• Democratising the world
• Est a new economic system
• Ending Colonial System

Question 4

What did Britain want for the LoN that was resisted by Wilson

Answer 4

A form a great power concert

Wilson wanted the inclusion of small states

Question 5

What was the danger of giving all states an equal say?

Answer 5

The LoN could become impotent

Question 6

What system was created for former enemies colonies and by who?

Answer 6

Mandate system

General Smuts

Question 7

Which nations produced draft covenants for the LoN?

Answer 7

USA, GBR, FRA, ITA

Question 8

How many articles are in the LoN covenant and the UN Charter?

Answer 8

LoN 26
UN 111

Despite its brevity, LoN Covenant contains several features that are of great imp to hist of IOs

Question 9

What does Collective security mean?

Answer 9

Deterring potential aggressors by agreeing in advance to oppose them with a united from of all other states

Question 10

What is the origin of Collective Security in the Covenant?

Answer 10

The belief that WWI could have been prevented if GER was aware of how extensive the opposition to it would be

Question 11

What concept led to the US Senate being unable to accept the covenant?

Answer 11

The concept of collective security

Question 12

What was the crisis management provision of the covenant?

Answer 12

The 3 month cooling over period

Prevent minor crisis becoming a world war

Question 13

What were the important parts of the covenant?

Answer 13

Crisis Management
Collective Security
Disarnamnet
Justice
Social and Economic Issues
Trusteeship

Question 14

Who was responsible for including the non-permanent members in the council?

Answer 14

Wilson and the smaller states

Question 15

What power did the Assembly take for itself?

Answer 15

Financial controls of the LoN which was not mentioned in the covenant

Question 16

What were the 3 organs of the league?

Answer 16

Council
Assembly
Secretary-General

Question 17

What were the two key points in the covenant of relevance to history of IOs?

Answer 17

1. Although domestic concerns seen as a states own, there was an interest in standards for colonial citizens and working conditions
2. Acknowledged that increasing range of common interests outside of field fo security and the need for centralised supervision

Question 18

What caused the instability of the peace est’d at Versailles?

Answer 18

The temp weakness of GER and USSR meant that the BoP on which is was formed was temporary

Question 19

What was the problem with the Collective Security concept?

Answer 19

• Requires states to be united in the determination to resist aggression
• Presumed that aggression would would always be obvious to see to identify the guilty party

Question 20

What prompted the Greco-Italian dispute?

Answer 20

The assassination of 3 Italian diplomats in Greece in 1923. Italy occupied Corfu in response

Question 21

When was the Greco-Bulgarian dispute and what was it a forerunner of?

Answer 21

1925 border dispute

Observers dispatched in a foreunner of contemporary UN PK operations

Question 22

What two conflicts showed the eurocentric nature of the LoN?

Answer 22

• Bolivia-Paraguay war

- Manchurian crisis

Question 23

What did 3 British diplomats suggest was a reason for the failure of the LoN in Manchuria?

Answer 23

That Japan had not yet assimilated into the ideas of International Relations

Question 24

When and where was the Wal Wal incident?

Answer 24

1934 in the east of Ethiopia between ITA and Ethiopian troops

Question 25

When was the invasion of Ethiopia?

Answer 25

1935

Question 26

Why was closing the Suez Canal to Italian ships never really a possibility?

Answer 26

GBR and FRA considered this would be a military sanction and so would prob lead to war.

Question 27

Why were oil sanctions against ITA, which nearly came in to being, ultimately dismissed?

Answer 27

• Fear US producers might supply ITA (despite Washington support for sanctions)
• Fear that it could lead Mussolini to declare war

Question 28

What ultimately led to Ethiopia calling for a ceasefire despite putting up effective resistance?

Answer 28

A lack of weapons and munitions that could have been resolved if the LoN had provided financial assistance

Question 29

Which states withdrew from the League at various stages?

Answer 29

• Germany
• Italy
• USSR
• Japan
• Several Latin American States