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LOIRE VALLEY Flashcards

1
Q

What is this region?

A
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2
Q

What are the 4 AOP’s within the Loire Valley?

A

PAT-C

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3
Q

How many primary grape varieties are grown in Loire?

A

5 primary grape varieties.

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4
Q

What is “THE Loire”

A
  1. a 629 mile river, meanders from the Massif Central towards the Atlantic ocean

The wine regions along its banks are remarkably diverse with distinct
microclimates, wine styles, grape varieties, and growing conditions.

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5
Q

What is the primary grape grown in Pays-Nantay

A
  1. Melon de Bourgone
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6
Q

Pays Nantais Overview

A
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7
Q

Pay Nantais has soil types that add up to be similar to what two French regions?

A
  1. Beaujolais: Granite and Schist
  2. Bordeaux: Gravel and sand

Gravel and sand on top, granite and schist below

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8
Q

What are the two AOP’s For Pay Nantais?

A
  1. Muscadet
    2.Muscadet-Sevre-et-maine
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9
Q

Muscadet AOP Wine style: fruit, non-fruit, structure, desc.

A

1.fruit: lemon, pear, green apple
2.non fruit:Salt, mineral and herbal
3. structure: light, med+ acid, crisp

Desc: light, crisp and refreshing style
Reason through it, Atlantic proximity, which parallel? Soil type? What fruits and acid combo

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10
Q

Muscadet-Sevre-et-maine AOP Wine style: fruit, non-fruit, structure, desc.

A

Fruit: Citrus zest, green apple and some melon
Non Fruit: minerality
Structure: light-medium, high acid, lower alcohol 11.25-12.5

Desc: Salt, Mineral, texture (lees)

wet stone, chalk, bread dough, almond, citrus zest

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11
Q

Are both Muscadet and Muscadet-Maine dry or sweet wines?

A
  1. Both are dry

Muscadet-Maine is considered a higher quality

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12
Q

What wine making technique makes Muscadet-Maine different than muscadet?

A
  1. Sur Lie Aging
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13
Q

Is Melon de Bourgone grown anywhere else, really?

A
  1. Orgegon
  2. California

where innovative producers have experimented with it to create crisp, terroir-reflective wines. Oregon’s cool climate is particularly suited to its style.

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14
Q

Where does Melon de Bourgone get its name?

A
  1. Its home was in burgundy. Replaced by aligote (Bouzeron) and Chardonnay
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15
Q

Loire Valley climate is considered what?

A
  1. Cool/Maritime
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16
Q

Why is Melon de Bourgone considered great for expressing terrior?

A
  1. Low aromatic output
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17
Q

Melon de Bourgone grape style:
Fruit:
Non Fruit:
Structure:

A

Fruit: Pear, apple, lemon, some melon

Non Fruit: mineral

Structure: light-medium body + high acid.

11-12.5% alcohol

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18
Q

What two grape varietals are grown in Anjou-Saumur?

A
  1. Chennin Blanc
  2. Cabernet Franc
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19
Q

Chennin blanc profile:
Fruit:
Non Fruit:
Structure:
Soil

Desc:

A
  1. Fruit: Green apple, pear, stone fruit, tropical, guava, pineapple, lemon and orange (citrus + tropical + stone)
  2. nonfruit: saline, flint, wet wool, honey, beeswax
  3. Structure: high acid, light to full body.

Versatile and terroir-expressive, Chenin Blanc can produce dry, off-dry, sweet, and sparkling wines. It balances vibrant acidity with complex fruit and non-fruit characteristics, often showing longevity and ageability in its finest expressions.

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20
Q

Cabernet Franc
Fruit:
Non Fruit:
Structure:

A

Fruit: red berries (strawberry, cherry, raspberry, plum blackcurrant)
Non Fruit: bell pepper, green herbs, tobacco, graphite, violet, earthy, leather
Structure: medium body, medium+ acid.

lower alcohol than cabernet sauv.

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21
Q

What are the (5) regions in Anjou-Saumur?

A
  1. Savineres AOP
  2. Quarts-de-Chaume AOP
  3. Bonnezeaux AOP
  4. Anjou Village AOP
  5. Saumur AOP
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22
Q

What does Quarts-de-Chaume mean?

A
  1. Quarts: meaning highest quality
  2. de meaning of
  3. Chaume: an area within the village of Rochefort-sur-loire
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23
Q

What style of wine do each of the 5 AOP’s in Anjou-Saumur make?

A
  1. Savinieres : dry white
  2. Quarts de Chaume: Sweet white (botrytis)
  3. Bonnezeaux: Sweet white (botrytis)
  4. Anjou: red, Dry white
  5. Saumur: red and white and sparkling (sparkling saumur)

Chennin is the only white grape used
Cab franc: only red grape used

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24
Q

Climate in Anjou-Saumur?

A
  1. Maritime/Continental: humid to the west and drier towards the east (anjou and saumur)
26
Q

What two red grapes are used in Anjou-Village?

A
  1. Cab franc
  2. Cab Sauv
27
Q

Anjou-Village AOP

Fruit:
Non Fruit:
Structure:
Soil:

A

Fruit: Ripe red fruit (blackberry, black cherry)

Non Fruit: hearthy and tabacco

Structure: medium-full bodied + rich tannin

Soil: schist and slate (meaning more structure and complexity)

28
Q

Savennieres AOP

Fruit:
Non Fruit:
Structure:
Soil:

A

Fruit: quince, citrus
Non Fruit: wet stone, almond
Structure: mineral, flinty, chalk
Soil: schist, volcanic rock and sandstone

29
Q

Savennieres wine style?

A
  1. Dry white, chennin only
  2. Complexity and agebility
30
Q

What three wine types does Saumur produce?

A
  1. Dry white: crisp, citrus and green apple
  2. Dry red: lighter red
  3. Cremant de loire: sparkling chennin
31
Q

Saummur soil type?

A
  1. Limestone: adds freshness to the wine (minerality too)
32
Q

Cremant de Loire is known for balencing what three wine components?

A
  1. Fruit
  2. Freshness
  3. Complexity
33
Q

Bonnezeaux makes what style of wine?

A
  1. Botrytis affected Chennin Blanc
34
Q

What does Bonnezeaux wine taste like?

A
  1. Quine, Marmalade, honey
  2. Soft, round and luscious
  3. Schist and gravel (schist= minerality and gravel = drainage
35
Q

What does Quarts-de-Chaume wine taste like?

A
  1. Fruit: quince, orange, apricot
  2. Non fruit: candied fruit, orange peel, mineral, vanilla
  3. Soil: Schist and Granite: (schist = minerality)

desc: refreshing acidity, floral, and honeyed notes with an emphasis on minerality)

36
Q

Ripe quince fruits are:

A

hard, tart, and astringent.

38
Q

What are the three AOP’s of Touraine?

A
  1. Bourguiel
  2. Chinon
  3. Vourvray
39
Q

Touraine has Tuffeau, what does that mean?

A
  1. Soft limestone
40
Q

Are the grapes grown in Touraine the same as Anjou-Saummur?

A

Yes, Chennin blanc and Cabernet Franc

41
Q

What makes Vouvray different in wine production than Borguiel and Chinon?

A
  1. Bourguiel & Chinon: emphasis on dry red
  2. Chinon makes: dry, off dry, sweet (moelleux) and sparkling wine
42
Q

What 4 styles of wine are produced in Vouvray?

A
  1. Sparkling
  2. Sweet White (Moelleux)
  3. Off-Dry red
  4. Dry red
43
Q

Bourgueil wines tend to be _______ and more _________ compared to other Cabernet Franc-based wines from the Loire

A

Bourgueil wines tend to be lighter and more accessible compared to other Cabernet Franc-based wines from the Loire

44
Q

Bourgueil AOP
Fruit:
Non Fruit:
Structure:
Soil

A

Bourgueil AOP
Fruit: cherry, raspberry, strawberry

Non Fruit: green pepper, tobacco, earthy and floral

Structure: smooth tannin, balanced acidity, moderate alcohol content

Soil: clay and limestone

Bourgueil wines are typically lighter and fruitier, focusing on Cabernet Franc’s vibrant fruit character with smooth tannins. They are more accessible in style, making them enjoyable in their youth.

45
Q

Chinon AOP
Fruit:
Non Fruit:
Structure:
Soil:

A

Fruit: cherry, raspberry, blackcurrant

Non Fruit:green pepper, tabacco, graphite. Terroir driven earth

Structure: medium tannin, balanced acidity.

Soil: Chalk, clay, and tuffeau limestone soils, contributing to freshness and structure in the wines.

A step up from Bourguiel

46
Q

Vouvray AOP
Fruit:
Non Fruit:
Structure:
Soil:

A

Fruit: green apple, pear, quince, citrus

Non Fruit: honey, waxy, nutty flavors

Structure: medium body + high acidity. All styles maintain a crisp acidity

Soil: Limestone (tuffeau) clay

Vouvray is famous for white wines in a range of styles, from dry to sweet (including sec, demi-sec, moelleux, and petillant).

47
Q

1.Bourguiel wines are typically ________ and ________.

2.Chinon wines have more _______ and _________.

3.Vouvray styles are diverse ranging from _______ to ________.

A

1.Bourguiel wines are typically lighter and fuller.

2.Chinon wines have more structure and earthiness.

3.Vouvray styles are diverse ranging from sweet to dry.

48
Q

Central Vineyards in the Loire are comprised of which two AOP’s?

A
  1. Sancerre
  2. Pouilly-Fume
49
Q

What grapes are grown in Sancerre? (2)

A
  1. Pinot Noir
  2. Sauvignon Blanc
50
Q

Which grape is the only one grown in Pouilly-Fume?

A
  1. Sauvignon Blanc
52
Q

Sancere AOP: Wine style
Fruit:
Non fruit:
Soil:

A

Fruit: citrus, green tree fruit

Non Fruit: flinty minerality

Soil: limestone, chalk, flint (imparts smokey edge to wine)

53
Q

Pouilly-fume AOP wine style:

A
  1. fruit: pineapple, green apple, citrus (lemon,lime,grapefruit)
  2. smoke, minerality, and wet stone. herbal (sage, thyme)
  3. Kimmeridgian Limestone, flinty soil
54
Q

Pouilly-Fume is famous for what two soil types?

A
  1. Flint
  2. Kimmeridgian Limestone
55
Q

Which is fuller and rounder of the two AOP’s in the central vineyards?

A
  1. Pouilly-Fume: its edges are a bit rounder, there is kimmeridgian limestone (a combo of limestone and clay)
56
Q

Clay-Rich soils do what to wine?

A
  1. provide ample water retention, resulting in wines with a robust body and well-defined tannins.
58
Q

Why do you think melon de Bourgogne and Chardonnay are similar?

A
  1. In Burgundy, specifically when thinking about Shibli, the same flavor, profiles exist, lemon green apple. Montagny, givry, mercurey have this same profile but with added “baked pear/apple:montagny” and citrus. The southern ones are just a bit more fruity, soil is clay-forward with some limestone

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