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BURGUNDY Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 7 wine regions of France?

A

Champagne
Chablis
Alsace
Loire Valley
Burgundy
Bordeaux
Rhone Valley

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2
Q

Burgundy is comprised of what 5 sections?

A
  1. Chablis
  2. Cote d’Or (Nuits & Beaune)
  3. Cote Chalonnaise
  4. Maconnaise
  5. Beaujolais
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3
Q

Soil types commonly found in Burgundy? Beaujolais?

A
  • Burgundy — chalk, calcareous clay, marl, and limestone
  • Beaujolais — granite
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4
Q

What 4 grape variates are found in Burgundy?

A
  • White
    – Chardonnay (the main variety)
    – Aligoté (small plots)
  • Red
    – Pinot Noir (the main variety)
    – Gamay (grown primarily in Beaujolais)

2 normal, 2 weird. one from each category

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5
Q

What are the 4 categories in the french AOP pyramid?

A
  1. Grand cru
  2. Premier Cru
  3. Village Wines
  4. Regional Appellations
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6
Q

What is a Clos?

A

A clos designates a plot of vineyard land traditionally surrounded with drystone walls

Clos Vougeot, a Grand Cru vineyard next to the tiny village of
Vougeot, is the most famous example.

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7
Q

What are the 4 AOP’S for Chablis?

A
  1. Chablis AOP
  2. Petit Chablis AOP
  3. Chablis Premier Cru AOP (only 40 vineyards)
  4. Chablis Grand Cru AOP (only 7 vineyards)
    – Most have a south/southwest exposure to maximize sunshine
    – Les Clos is a top example
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8
Q

Identify the following AOP’s in Burgundy

A
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9
Q
A

B-L-VV-L-G

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10
Q

The French word ______ refers to a hillside or slope

A

côte

The villages and vineyards of the Côte d’Or hug the hillsides. One of the primary
aspects of terroir in this region is the location of the vineyard on the slopes.

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11
Q

Cote D’Or is comprised of which two larger subsets?

A
  1. Côte de Nuits to the north
  2. Côte de Beaune to the south.
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12
Q

Cote de Nuits breakdown

A
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13
Q

What are the 9 Major Village AOP’s in Cote de Nuits?

A

– Marsannay
– Fixin
– Gevrey-Chambertin
– Morey-St. Denis
– Chambolle-Musigny
– Vougeot
– Vosne-Romanée
– Flagey-Echézeaux
– Nuits-Saint-Georges

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14
Q

What is the Appellation Hierarchy for Cote de Nuits region? (6)

A
  1. Bourgogne AOP
  2. Bourgogne Cote d’Or AOP
  3. Cote de Nuits-Villages AOP
  4. Village AOP (9 major villages)
  5. Premier or 1er Cru AOP (specific vineyards 130 in Nuits)
  6. Grand Cru AOP (24/33 in Burgundy are located here)

Note: As this goes 1-6, things get more and more specific to a place.

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15
Q

Côte de Beaune overview

A
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16
Q

What are the 7 best known Village AOP’s in Cote de Beaune

A

AC-B-P-V-M-PM-CM

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17
Q

Marsannay AOP Style
Red Wines:
Rosé:

A

Marsannay AOP

Red Wines: Fresh and approachable, with bright red fruit flavors (cherry, raspberry, cranberry), moderate tannins, and a slight earthiness. Typically lighter in style than other Côte de Nuits wines.

Rosé: The only village in the Côte de Nuits to produce significant rosé, offering fresh red berry flavors and vibrant acidity.

red: fresh and bright, cherries, raspberry and cranberry. Med tannin, some earthiness but a typically light style than other nuits.

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18
Q

Fixin AOP Style
Red Wines:

A

Fixin AOP

*Red Wines: *Rustic and robust in their youth, with earthy notes, black cherry, and sometimes hints of forest floor or mushrooms. These wines tend to soften and develop finesse with age, revealing more complexity.

red: Rustic, robust, earth forward with black cherries and forest floor/shroom thing. Soften over time but bold up front

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19
Q

Gevrey-Chambertin AOP Style
Red Wines:

A

Gevrey-Chambertin AOP

*Red Wines: *Bold, structured wines with concentrated black fruit (blackberry, black cherry), earthy undertones (truffle, underbrush), and firm tannins. Often exhibit animalistic or gamey notes with age. Premier Cru and Grand Cru wines like Chambertin and Clos de Bèze are exceptionally powerful, elegant, and long-lived.

Big, Bold and structured, feature darker fruits with earthy undertones. Firm tannins, with a bit of animal/gamey notes when aged.
Note: seeing that earthiness is increasing as we go down from Marsannay - fixin - to gevery

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20
Q

Morey-Saint-Denis AOP Style
Red Wines:

A

Morey-Saint-Denis AOP

Red Wines: A balance between the power of Gevrey-Chambertin and the elegance of Chambolle-Musigny. Red and dark fruits (cherry, plum) with floral aromas and a hint of spice or minerality. The Grand Crus (e.g., Clos de Tart, Clos des Lambrays) exhibit exceptional depth and complexity.

Powerful but elegant, both red and dark fruits, with added floral notes, some spice and minerality exist. (you get more of the limestone popping out in this AOP = precision and acidity)

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21
Q

Chambolle-Musigny AOP Style
Red Wines:

A

Chambolle-Musigny AOP

Red Wines: Renowned for their elegance, finesse, and silky texture. Predominantly red fruit (strawberry, raspberry) with floral notes (rose, violet) and subtle minerality. The Grand Cru Musigny produces some of the most delicate and ethereal wines in Burgundy.**

Elegant, finesse, silky: lighter red fruits with more floral notes than MSD, minerality takes a step down here from MSD.

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22
Q

Vougeot AOP Style
Red Wines:
White Wines:

A

Vougeot AOP

Red Wines: Home to the iconic Clos Vougeot Grand Cru, which can range in style depending on the producer. Typically shows earthy, structured characteristics with black fruits, firm tannins, and a long aging potential. Slightly less refined compared to neighboring Grand Crus.

White Wines: Rare, but those produced are rich and full-bodied with stone fruit, floral, and nutty notes.

Can vary: earthy, structured with black fruits, firm tannin and huge aging potential. Can tend to be a bit less trustable than other grand cru (B.E.A.T: black fruit.earth.aging potential. tannin)

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23
Q

Vosne-Romanée AOP Style
Red Wines:

A

Vosne-Romanée AOP

Red Wines: Widely regarded as the pinnacle of Burgundy, these wines are complex, sensual, and harmonious. Flavors include ripe red and black fruits (cherry, blackberry), exotic spices (cinnamon, clove), and a silky texture with a long finish. Iconic Grand Crus include Romanée-Conti, La Tâche, and Richebourg, Echezeaux, Grands Echezeaux

Tends to be the pinacle of burgundy, complex and sensual, the flavors are harmonious. Ripe red and black fruits (cherry, blackberry), exotic spices (clove, cinnamon) silky texture + long finish. pleasant acidity and undertones of toast, tobacco, and vanilla

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24
Q

Nuits-Saint-Georges AOP Style
Red Wines:

A

Nuits-Saint-Georges AOP

Red Wines: Structured and bold, with darker fruit profiles (blackcurrant, black cherry), earthy and spicy notes (licorice, clove), and firm tannins. Wines from the northern part of the appellation are softer and more elegant, while those from the south are more muscular and robust.

Structure, Bold, Dark fruits, earthy and spice notes (licorice, clove) with firm tannin. Northern styles: softer, Southern: more Muscular and robust

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25
Q

Short compare and contrast of the Cote de nuit AOP’s

A
  1. Marsannay and Fixin are almost opposites (bright and vibrant red fruits compared to bold tannins and darker fruits, a hint of spice on the back end these need time to age in bottle)
  2. Gevery-Chambertin and Chambolle-musigny lay at different ends of the spectrum (Gevery is big and bold, tannic with dark fruits leading the way, anamalie and forest floor are leading components, while Chambolle has finesse, floral notes and is readily approachable, more of a red fruit style)
  3. Morey-St. Denis: finds itself rightfully between Gevery and Chambolle: finesse and elegance with the tannic structure that aligns more with Gevery, but long finishes and a mix of red and black fruits.
  4. Vouges: tends to be hit or miss, a bit of its own deal. Black fruits, earthy like Gevery with big aging potential and tannic structure for days.
  5. Vosne-Romanee: the tip of the spear for burgundy wines: finesse, elegence, with excellent finish and a balanced ripe feel. Some of the most exculsive reds within burgundy.
  6. Nuit St. George: the northern ones tend to be a bit softer, while the southern ones age better due to stronger tannic structure. You still get cloves, but now Licorice is a leading profile.
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26
Q

Ladoix AOP Styles
White Wines:
Red Wines:

A

Ladoix AOP
White Wines: Fresh, with vibrant acidity and citrus notes, complemented by minerality and floral nuances, Golden color, plum, ripe apple, fig, spiced pear. Lively but firm. Mellow out with time

Red Wines: Elegant, with red cherry, raspberry, and earthy tones, often lighter in structure compared to other Côte de Beaune reds. nose: strawberry, cherry jam, coffee and cocoa.rounded red wine

white: Vibrant, Citrus, Mineral and floral (VCMF)
red: Red fruits, Elegant, Earthy, Light
(REEL)

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27
Q

Aloxe-Corton Styles
Red Wines:

A

Aloxe-Corton

Red Wines: Dark color, crimson-garnet, small red fruits (rasp, strawb) + black fruits (blk currant and blk berry), Peony and jasmine florals, brandied fruits, leather, truffle, mushroom and cinnamon. Full bodied but refined, tender and fruity. 3-5 yrs in cellar is peach. Pleasant tannins

Red/Black fruits, Jasmine and Peony, Brandied fruit with earthy leather, mushroom and cinnamon. Full but refined.
R/B. J/P. FT

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28
Q

Beaune AOP Styles
Red:

A

Beaune AOP Styles

Red: this wine has a striking and vivid colour - a luminous scarlet, introducing aromas of black fruits (blackcurrant, blackberry) and red (cherry, gooseberry), as well as humus and underbrush. When older, it is redolent of truffle, leather, and spices. In youth, it charms the palate with the taste of crunchy fresh grape. Firm, upright and full of juice, it evolves with time, revealing a solid and absolutely convincing structure.

White: this wine boasts a silky gold colour, flecked with green. It has a bouquet of almond, dried fruits, bracken, and white flowers. It may be enjoyed either young “on the fruit” or later for its mouth-filling mellowness.

Small differences appear, depending on the exact location. Wines from th

Red: Black/Red fruit aromas, underbrush, young: fresh grape, firm and uptight evolves as it ages. Convincing structure
White: Almond, dried fruits and white flower aroma, mellow as it ages

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29
Q

Pommard AOP Style
Red:

A

Pommard AOP
Red: Beware of preconceived notions! The fame of Pommard in the 19th century earned it the image of a wine that is both forceful and virile. In reality, time, terroir and methods of vinification have all combined to create a more subtle reality, a wine that is both richer and more sensitive. Its colour is the deep, dark red with mauve highlights which caused Victor Hugo to speak of it as “night in combat with day”. Its aromas are redolent of blackberry, bilberry, or gooseberry, cherry pit and ripe plum. Often, wild and feline notes develop with age. At full maturity, it tends towards leather, chocolate and pepper.
It needs to be given time to open up to its fullest extent and to display its mouth-filling texture, its firm but delicate structure, its fruit-filled mouth, and its chewy tannins, which by then will be properly smoothed down. A “rich” wine ? Certainly.

Deep color: blackberry and gooseberry aromas, ripe plum, anamalie notes, leather and chocolate at full maturity Chewey tannin

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30
Q

Cote Chalonnaise Overview

A
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31
Q

Cote Chalonnaise AOP’s

A

BR-MGM

(maire-cuhr-ray)

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32
Q

Are there any Grand Cru’s in Cote Chalonnais?

A
  1. No there are many premier cru but not a single grand cru
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33
Q

Are Cote Chalonnais more value wines compared to Cote d’Or AOP’s?

A
  1. Yes, less expensive with excellent value.
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34
Q

Grapes produced by each Village in Cote Challonaise

A
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35
Q

Compare and contrast: Ladoix, Aloxe-corton, Beaune and Pommard

A
  1. Ladoix (light ladoix) easy going citrus, minerality forward whites with floral notes (appears to be the theme of Cote de beaune) the reds follow this lighter theme, soft red fruits, elegant and easy going (reminds me or marsannay)
  2. Aloxe-Corton takes a deeper dive into rich feel, Brandied cherry darker wine, earthy/mushroom feel but still floral Peony and Jasmine are key notes here. Tannin is stronger
  3. Beaune (bone to pick style) more up tight reds, these need time to rest a bit. Toasted almond feel, big and bold tannin structure higher acidity. Mouthwatering for sure. The whites stay on theme with floral feel
  4. Pommard: (P for plum, D for depth) Rich style of red wines here, darker fruits with more tannic structure with age these lean towards chocolate and pepper.
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36
Q

What is the soil type in Pommard?

A
  1. Clay and iron: gives a more rustic and muscular structure the wine ends up bold and structured
37
Q

What is the soil type in Gevery-Chambertin?

A
  1. Limestone and clay: polished and layered wine results more aromatic complexity
38
Q

Beaune wine is focused on what?

A
  1. accesability in youth, fruit-forward. Refinement without overwhelming power
39
Q

Pommard wine is focused on what?

A
  1. Rugged, firmer tannin with dark fruit. Emphasis on leather and tobacco and even game. Less focused on floral notes.
40
Q

Explain the soil type in Volnay

A
  1. Foothills are gravely
  2. Reddish Bathonien limestone next
  3. Lower slope: white, chalky argovien limetone
  4. Top slop: limestone predominates

so essentially, gravely and coarse into full on limestone.

41
Q

What style is Volnay known for?

A
  1. “feminine” (light/graceful) silky textures
  2. Floral notes and lighter style in general (red fruits)
42
Q

Does Volnay age well?

A
  1. Does not have the tannic structure to hold up for a very long time like gevery chambertin.
  2. Softer, more delicate tannins. Silky mouthfeel
43
Q

Why is Volnay good in youth?

A
  1. Softer tannic structure, elegance and finesse lend it to being better enjoyed young
44
Q

Chassagne-Montrachet: A balance between the richness of _______ and the precision of _______.

A

Chassagna-Montrachet: A balance between the richness of Meursault and the precision of Puligny.

boldness: mersault (m:milky “creamy texture”) — chassagna — puliginy (p: precision)

45
Q

Overall style for Mersault?

A
  1. Rich and full bodied (opulent)
  2. creamy textures with buttery character and balanced acidity
  3. Nuttiness (hazelnut and almond)
  4. subtle flint

clay rich soils lend their hands to mersault having a bit more body, these tend to age the best of burgundian white.

46
Q

What flavors are associated with Mersault, Chassagne, Puliginy

A
  1. Meursault: Baked apple, pear, peach and apricot, butter, hazelnut and honey some flint
  2. Puliginy: citrus, green apple, white flowers, chalky minerality, pure fruit expression (restrained)
  3. Chassagne: Peach, apricot, some pineapple, mineral backbone, white pepper and tarragon (herbal tones)

precise: puliginy.
Chassagne: (ss: stone fruits, peach and apricot)
Meursault: s: stonefruit, would you like unsaulted or saulted butter?

47
Q
A
48
Q

Montagny wines excel at what?

A
  1. Bright and lively character.
  2. Vibrant acidity and crisp, clean profile
  3. Mineral driven
49
Q

Soil type for Montagny?

A
  1. Limestone is predominate
50
Q

Montagny white flavor profile?

A
  1. Fresh citrus (lemon, grapefruit and green apple)
  2. White flowers
  3. Flinty, Chalky minerality
  4. Less pronounced than mersault: but honey and almond

Zippy wine, pure and fresh

51
Q

Are Montagny white and Bouzeron wines similar?

A
  1. Yes, both feature bright citrus, and floral notes
52
Q

What sets Bouzeron white apart from Montagny

A

1.Bouzeron has more of a tangy profile, higher acidity and a lean profile
2.100% Aligote
3. Minerality and chalky texture

Less opulant than chardonnay: great for oysters and seafood.

53
Q

What fruit characteristics seperate Rully white from Bouzeron and Montagny?

A
  1. A shift away from citrus fruits to orchard fruits (pear, peach)

Richer than montagny but less so than Cote de beaune whites.

54
Q

Who are Rully white wines best suited for?

A
  1. Approachability for guests: rounded wine great with food, moderate acidity and a smooth rounded finish.
55
Q

Rully soil type?

A
  1. Limestone with a clay retaining base.
56
Q
  1. Rully comes from the latin word “Rutilus” which means what?
A
  1. Reddish: color of the soils in this region.
57
Q

Bouzeron Soil type?

A
  1. Clay, limestone and Marl
  2. Warm/Dry summers, cool winters
58
Q

Givry white combines the flavor profiles of which AOP’s?

A
  1. Montagny
  2. Bouzeron
  3. Rully

Citrus (lemon, lime) but also orchard/stone fruits too (peach, pear)

59
Q

Givry white wines are best suited for who?

A
  1. Guests looking for: fruit-forward wine with good energy. Fuller textures than montagny medium bodied.

lively and fruit driven, touch of elegance

60
Q

Cote Challonaise Whites

A
61
Q

Comparing Cote Challonaise AOP’s

A

Montagny: Best for fresh, mineral-driven whites with vibrant acidity.

Bouzeron: A unique Aligoté-based option with zippy citrus and herbal notes.

Rully: Balanced and approachable, offering an easy-drinking style with good fruit.

Givry: Slightly richer, fruitier, and more textured than Montagny or Rully.

Mercurey: Fuller and more structured, offering a weightier style akin to Côte de Beaune whites.

62
Q

Which three AOP’s in Challonaise actually produce red wine?

A
  1. Rully
  2. Givry
  3. Mercurey
63
Q

Rully red are known for what style?

A
  1. Light and approachable
  2. Round feel with red fruits
  3. Subtle earthiness and minerality with floral notes

A great introduction to Côte Chalonnaise reds—easy to drink and versatile. pinot noir

Rully: R=round, L = light and Y = earthY

64
Q

Givry reds are known for what style?

A
  1. medium and firmer tannins
  2. mix of light reds and black fruits
  3. earthiness is more pronounced than rully and some spice is added in

Fans of reds with good structure and energy, but not overly heavy.

65
Q

Mercurey reds are known for what style?

A
  1. fuller bodied and firm tannins stay
  2. dark red and black fruits
  3. earthiest and spiciest of the two other challonaise producing regions + smokey feel

highest producing red region of challonais, most complex reds in the region

66
Q

Mercury white is known for what style?

A
  1. Richer style than Montagny or Rully. But less opulant than styles in Cote de Beaune
  2. Orchard + Citrus fruits, toasty, some spice if aged. (vanilla, clove)
  3. Medium-full bodied, refreshing acid

M&U: Medium-FUll body mercurey

67
Q
A
68
Q

Maconnais Wine regions AOP’s Map

A
69
Q

Maconnais wine region Appellation Hierarchy

A
70
Q

Of the 3 appellations in Maconnaise, which at the high end uses oaking?

A
  1. Pouilly-Fuisse
  2. Saint Veran, seldom
  3. Macon, not at all
71
Q

Which of the 3 appellations in Maconnais makes ONLY white wine?

A
  1. Saint Veran
72
Q

Soil types for Maconnais villages (AOP’s)

A
73
Q

Pouilly Fuisse soil type affects the white wine in what way?

A
  1. Limestone: Mineral-driven, elegant and complex wine

Reminds me of pouilly-fume

74
Q

Saint-Veran soil type affects the white wine in what way?

A
  1. Clay-Limestone mix: lighter mineral note. Fresh, lively and mineral notes.
75
Q

Macon-Villages soil type affects the white wine in what way?

A
  1. Clay-sandy-limestone mix: Fruit forward, approachable wine

compare to: Givry in Chalonnais or potentially Rully styles too.

76
Q

What are the three regional appellations in Beajolais?

A
76
Q

Beaujolais Oveview

A
77
Q

Beaujolais best wines come from which AOP?

A

1.Beaujolais Cru’s

78
Q

How many villages are within the Beaujolais Cru’s?

A
  1. 10 named villages, red wine only made here
79
Q

Beaujolais cru’s: 10 villages

A
80
Q

What are the two beaujolais cru’s that i worked with at cocody? Compare them

A
  1. Moulin-a-vent: bold tannic style with rich depth often compared to burgundy. (violets, spice and earthy undertones)
  2. Morgon: fruit forward, approachable and moderate acidity. Simple feeling pinot of sorts. Jammy (dark red fruit, earthy tones, hint of spice)

both have aging potential, morgon less so.

81
Q

Compare Brouilly to Cote de Brouilly

A
  1. Brouilly: lightest style of the cru’s (light red fruits floral notes and hints of stone and earth)
    2.Cote de Brouilly: more structure and elegance than brouilly, darker fruit character, firmer tannin and lively acidity.

cote de brouilly: age potential and elegance with darker fruits
Brouilly: nice light red wine, nothing crazy but still well balanced due to soil compositions.

82
Q

Beaujolais in the north (cru’s) have a lot of rock that comes from volcanic activity, what is it?

A
  1. Magma from volcanos, cools and becomes granite.
83
Q

Regional appellations and styles: Beaujolais

A
84
Q

How did Napoléon’s Code of Inheritance affect the vineyards of
Burgundy? (1804)

A
  1. Emphasized property rights, split vineyards up in the process of inheretance.
85
Q

Define Negociant

A

A négociant is a wine merchant or company that buys grapes, must (unfermented juice), or finished wine from multiple growers and producers to bottle and sell under their own label.

86
Q

define monopole

A

A monopole is a French wine-growing region that is entirely controlled by one winery.

Famous Monopoles include La Romanée-Conti, La Tâche (both owned by Domaine de la Romanée Conti) and La Grand Rue (Francois LaMarche) in Vosne-Romanée, Clos de Tart (owned by Francois Pinot of Latour since 2017) in Morey-Saint-Denis, and, Clos des Ruchottes (Armand Rousseau) in Gevrey-Chambertin.

87
Q
A
88
Q

Styles in cote de nuit can range from what to what?

A
  1. Known for reds, these show earthy notes, truffle and spice. Some have floral notes and others have bold and rich tannin, others are bright and light with silky texture.

Bolder: gevery-chambertin, fixin, vougeot, nuit-st george.

Medium: vosne-romanee, morey Saint Denis, Chambolle-musigny

Light: marsannay

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