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Unit 3 > Loire > Flashcards

Loire Flashcards

1
Q

Touraine

A
  • Generic appellation encompassing large swaths of land with a variety of terroir
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2
Q

Touraine Geography and Climate

A
  • Plantings concentrated on steep banks of Loire

* Climate changes from East to west, more continental in East and some maritime influence in west

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3
Q

Touraine Soil

A
  • Clay, sand, tuffeau, gravel
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4
Q

Touraine Grapes

A
  • Sauvignon blanc
    • Chenin blanc
    • Cab franc
    • Malbec
    • gamay
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5
Q

Touraine Styles

Why are there so many?

A
  • Whites, reds and roses all found here

* Dry and sweet

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6
Q

Menetou-Salon, Quincy and Reuilly

A
  • Similar to Sancerre but cheaper alternative
  • Left bank of Cher
  • Kimmeridgian soils
  • Reds and roses allowed in Menetou and Reuilly
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7
Q

Pouilly-Fume Geography and climate

A
  • Very similar to Sancerre

* On right bank of Loire

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8
Q

Pouilly-Fume Soil

A
  • Higher content of Silex (Flint) along with classic calcareous soils of area
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9
Q

Pouilly-Fume Grapes

A
  • SB

* No reds allowed

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10
Q

Pouilly-Fume Style

A
  • Age worthy wines, outlive Sancerre potentially
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11
Q

Sancerre Geo and clime

A
  • Continental climate, severe winters, hot summers
    • 15 communes on S facing slopes
    • Left bank of upper Loire
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12
Q

Sancerre Soils

A
  • Kimmeridgian with clay-limestone in West (powerful wines e.g. Chavignol)
    • Gravel and limestone (delicate wines)
    • Silex soils near town of Sancerre (age worthy and perfumed)
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13
Q

Sancerre Grapes

A
  • SB

* PN for reds and roses but best vineyards reserved for SB—>lighter style

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14
Q

Sancerre Viticulture

A
  • Spring frost and summer hail always a threat
    • Tiny vineyard holdings
    • cordon trained or single guyot—excessive vigor must be held in check so as not to produce herbaceous notes
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15
Q

Sancerre Vinification

A
  • Mostly SS fermentations
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16
Q

Sancerre Trade

A
  • Hugely popular and limited production has lead to major price increases and shortages for part of the year
    • No single vineyard ACs, or grand cru classification so keeps price down
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17
Q

Montlouis

A
  • directly across the river from Vouvray—South bank
  • chenin Blanc only
  • All styles made from bone dry to sweet, including fizzy
  • Similar to but Overshadowed by Vourvray, cheaper alternative
  • soils sandier than Vouvray, wines mature earlier
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18
Q

Vouvray Geo and clime

A
  • Continental climate meets maritime influence
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19
Q

Vouvray Soils

A
  • Clay and gravel over tuffeau
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20
Q

Vouvray Viticulture

A
  • Some of the last harvests in all of France because of multiple passes through the vineyard
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21
Q

Vouvray Vinification

A
  • Very little oak used

* MLF blocked

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22
Q

Vouvray styles

A
  • Still, dry to sweet
    • Sparkling
    • Typicity is off-dry with weight
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23
Q

Vouvray grapes

A
  • Chenin Blanc
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24
Q

Bourgeuil Geo and clime

A
  • Across the river (North bank) from Chinon
    • South facing slopes
    • Continental with cold winters, hot summers, but less extreme than central vineyards
    • West of Tours so still feeling some mitigating affects of Ocean
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25
Q

Bourgeuil soils

A
  • Gravel and limestone

* Sand

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26
Q

Bourgeuil style

A
  • Reds mostly of Cabernet Franc
    • Some roses
    • More powerful and age worthy than Chinon
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27
Q

Chinon geogrpahy and climate

A
  • Continental with cold winters, hot summers, but less extreme than central vineyards
    • West of Tours so still feeling some mitigating affects of Ocean
    • 3 distinct areas
      • river valley flats - wines are light and fruity
      • plateau - full bodied and tannic
      • Slopes - age worthy and concentrated vines
28
Q

Chinon soils

A
  • Tuffeau, limestone and clay on best sites like Cravant les coteaux
    • gravel and sand in the flats
29
Q

Chinon Viticulture

A
  • Recent push to lower yields has dramatically improved quality
30
Q

Chinon Vinificaiton

A
  • Aged in large old casks

* Some experimenting with new barrel, but not the norm

31
Q

Chinon Styles

A
  • Prestigious dry red appellation, almost entirely cab franc

* A little bit of white and rosé made too

32
Q

Saumur style

A
  • Chenin blanc ranging from dry to lusciously sweet
    • Saumur rouge exists but more significant as Saumur-champigny
    • Wines on the whole, drier than Anjou
33
Q

Saumur geo and clime

A
  • South bank of loire
34
Q

Saumur Soil

A
  • Tuffeau, calcareous rock

* This is where the difference from Anjou lies. Limestone as opposed to schist

35
Q

Saumur Vinificaiton

A
  • Best Saumur blanc is barrel fermented and aged
36
Q

Saumur-Champigny

A
  • Dry, fruity reds from cab franc and a little bit of CS
    • Too light for aging
  • Soils
    • Tuffeau
37
Q

Savennieres Geo and clime

A
  • In Anjou-Saumur
    • N. Bank of Loire
    • South facing slopes
    • Good air circulation, no botrytis
38
Q

Savennieres style

A
  • Style is dry, full-bodied Chenin
39
Q

Savennieres viticulture

A
  • Modern advances in picking techniques and vineyard management are leading to higher ripeness levels
40
Q

Savennieres soil

A
  • Schist and sandstone
41
Q

Bonnezeaux geo and clime

A
  • SE of Quarts

* SW facing buttes (small hills)

42
Q

Bonnezeaux soil

A
  • Schist with quartz
43
Q

Bonnezeaux Law

A
  • Minimum 230 g/L
    • Botrytis
    • Very low yield maximums
44
Q

Quarts de Chaume law and trade

A
  • Law
    • Minimum 298 g/L
  • Trade
    • Not made every year, only a few thousand cases
    • Loire’s first Grand Cru
    • required Sugar level rarely achieved, so not much new investment
45
Q

Quarts de Chaume viticulture

A
  • Botrytized grapes of several passes through the vineyard
46
Q

Quarts de Chaume geo and clime

A
  • Sub appellation of Coteaux de Layon
    • S exposed amphitheater, facing river, so reliably foggy for noble rot
    • SW corner of Coteaux de Layon
47
Q

Quarts de Chaume soil

A
  • Schist
48
Q

Coteaux du Layon law and trade

A
  • Laws
    • 6 villages can append name to AC if their yields are at lower maximums than generic
    • generally Medium sweet wines, 100-200 g/L
  • Trade
    • Depressing prices from an over supply of ordinary sweet wines, advantage to appended villages and sub appellations of Bonnezeaux and Quarts de Chaume
49
Q

Coteaux du Layon viticultrue

A
  • Several passes through the vineyards to pick botrytized grapes
50
Q

Coteaux du Layon grapes

A
  • Chenin blanc
51
Q

Coteaux du Layon soils

A
  • Schist, slate and sand
52
Q

Coteaux du Layon geo and clime

A
  • Anjou-Saumur
    • S, SW facing slopes
    • Exposed to drying winds off Atlantic, helps concentrate sugars and lower disease pressure, long hang times
53
Q

Anjou geo and clime

A
  • furthest west in Anjou-saumur
  • Centered on Angers
  • best planted on steep slopes
  • Maritime influence but drier and warmer than Nantais, more sun, less cloud cover
  • Not much rain, protected by woods to the west
54
Q

Anjoun soil

A
  • Volcanic, schist, and limestone
55
Q

Anjou grapes

A
  • Reds from Cab Franc, 33% of all plantings
    • Whites from Chenin, dry to sweet
    • Roses from Grolleau, Pineau d’aunis, Cab franc and CS
56
Q

Anjou Style

A
  • Roses the most important style
    * Rosé d’anjou AC is a sickly mass produced wine from Groulleau, quantities in retreat
    * Cabernet d’Anjou
    * From CS and/or Cf
    * Off-dry but very high acid
    * Age worthy
57
Q

Muscadet History

A
  • Severe frost in 1991, been struggling to regain exports ever since
    • Focusing on fruity wines and terroir-specific styles to regain popularity
58
Q

Muscadet geo and clime

A
  • SE of Nantes, extends to Atlantic
    • Cool Maritime climate with mild winters and summers, damp and humid
    • Not much frost damage because of mitigating factors
59
Q

Muscadet grapes

A
  • Melon de Bourgogne aka Muscadet
    • Neutral, citrus, apple, hi acid, grassy
    • hardy, thick skinned, resistant to cold to produce reliably
60
Q

Muscadet soil

A
  • Predominantly schist and granite, with gneiss and sand in parts
61
Q

Muscadet sur lee AC

A

labeled as such when the wine remains in contact with the fine lees for winter following the vintage. Leads to texture and richness from autolysis, but also freshness from less handling

62
Q

Muscadet AC

A
  • Basic regional appellation

* Only Melon permitted

63
Q

Muscadet Sevre et Maine AC

A
  • Rolling hills, high quality area within Muscadet

* 2/3 of all Muscadet production

64
Q

Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AC

A
  • Hugging the Loire on the right bank
    * Longest estb vineyards
    * Fuller bodied and less acidic than other Muscadet
65
Q

Loire

A
  • Historical wine trade due to access to the Atlantic
  • No regional AC ala Bordeaux AC, only an IGP
  • 50% production is white, the rest split between red, rosé and sparkling
  • Varying climate and soils throughout region

Unit 3 (7 decks)

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