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Unit 3 > Germany > Flashcards

Germany Flashcards

1
Q

Baden geography and climate

A
  • Southern region on Rhein’s east bank
    • Varying mesoclimates, elevations and soils play a significant roll in this long and big region
    • Warm and dry climate
    • Prestigious areas
      • Ortenau, S. Of Baden-Baden
      • Kaiserstuhl district—Pinot planted on steep volcanic slopes near Rhein
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2
Q

Baden Soils

A

volcanic

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3
Q

Baden Grapes

A
  • Pinot country: Spatburgunder (mainly), Grauburgunder, Weissburgunder
    • Riesling at 10%, grown on the cooler sites
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4
Q

Baden Market

A
  • 70% sold to co-ops
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5
Q

Pfalz Market

A
  • Important for both quality and quantity
    • Once known for cheap and cheerful wines a la Rheinhessen, huge uptick in quality
      • vineyard restructuring and investment (Flurbereinigung) from 1980s
        • These vines are now maturing
      • Experimentation and innovation encouraged
      • Vineyard work taking priority—meticulous growers
      • Young vintners and family run wineries are driving quality
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6
Q

Pfalz producers

A
  • Basserman-Jordan and Von Winning in the North
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7
Q

Pfalz geography and climate

A
  • South of Rheinhessen
    • Well protected from wind and rain by mountain range—northern extension of Vosges
    • Warm—>fuller bodied white wines
    • Varying elevations account for differences in wine
    • Noted villages North to South
      • Bad Durkheim
      • Forster Pechstein
      • Deidesheim
      • Ruppertsberg
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8
Q

Pfalz soils

A
  • Variety of soils lead to characterful rieslings
    • Limestone
    • Sandstone
    • Basalt
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9
Q

Pfalz viticulture

A
  • History of high yields and mechanical harvesting
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10
Q

Pfalz grapes

A
  • History of crosses MT
    • Riesling dominates in prestigious Mittelhaardt
    • Reds of dornfelder and PN account for 33%
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11
Q

Nahe Geo and clime

A
  • 4k ha of vineyards on either side of the river Nahe
    • West of Rhein, south of Mosel
    • Warmer than Mosel, protected by mountain range
    • Warmer as you move downstream
    • From west to east: Schonleber, Donnhoff, Schafer-Frolich
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12
Q

Nahe soil

A
  • Complexity of soil

* Oberhauser-Brucke, tiny Donnhoff monopole, has sandstone, porphyry and slate

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13
Q

Nahe Grapes

A
  • MT and sylvaner grown on sandy loams
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14
Q

Nahe market

A
  • Historically fruit blended into anonymous Rhine blends—>not much acclaim before mid-20th century
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15
Q

Rheinhessen Geography and climate

A
  • Largest Anbaugebeite and region by land under vine
    • Roter Hang in NE historical area for quality
      • Nierstein and Openheim here
    • Protected from wind and rain in West by hills
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16
Q

Rheinhessen Soil

A
  • Red soils in Roter Hang, Nierstein and Openheim in NE

* Limestone soils in SW around Florsheim-Dalsheim

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17
Q

Rheinhessen Grapes

A
  • No dominant variety
    • MT still about 1/5 of vineyard plantings for bulk wine
    • Dornfelder cross also often planted
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18
Q

Rheinhessen Market

A
  • Quality rising in some parts but historically known for inexpensive
    • Still struggling to lift itself out of low-quality label
    • Tide is turning, Keller brings international fame
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19
Q

Germany viticulture

A
  • mechanization nearly impossible
    * Steep slopes
    * Selective harvests
    • recent trend to find ways to lower cost by mechanizing
      • Individual post training giving way to wires in rows with wider spacing
    • Yields historically high
    • Selective picking became common because such variability of ripeness even within a bunch is common
    • Organics not very common, disease pressure from lots of rain
  • smallness of holdings, 30% of all wine goes to coops
20
Q

Germany winemaking

A
  • Minimal intervention and traditional methods are significant
    * Soft pressing or basket presses used
    * Gravitational settling
    * Spontaneous fermentations
    • Some lees aging
    • Dry wine dominating market since the 1980s
    • Arresting fermentations at low temps used much more than sussreserve for off-dry wine
    • Sulfur additions and sterile bottling to ensure refermentations do not occur
21
Q

Germany Grapes

A
  • 1971 Wine Law disadvantages riesling as achieving minimum must weights was faster and more reliable with some of the early ripening German crosses, MT
    • Riesling is 23% of German vines
    • Muller-Thurgau 13%
    • Spatburgunder 12%, climate change increasing plantings
22
Q

Rheingau geography and climate

A
  • North bank of Rhein, south facing vineyards
    • Protected in North by mountains—>rain shadow
    • Warm enough that the higher elevation, breezier sites are favored
    • Lower and closer to river, potential alcohols can get too high and rot can occur
    • at Assmannshausen Rhein runs N-S, no suitable South facing vienyards
    • Rudesheim-westernmost south facing vineyards in
    • Schloss Johannisberg vineyard
23
Q

Rheingau grapes

A
  • Riesling is king, havent been invaded by crosses as much as Rheinhessen and Pfalz
24
Q

Rheingau viticulture

A
  • Early adopter of lowering yields and Erstes Gewachs for classifying top sites
    • History of estates having small holdings in vineyards throughout the region—scattering presents a huge challenge
      • Small window to pick and many tries
      • Smaller labor pool
      • Estates with vineyard proximity have huge advantage
25
Q

Rheingau soils

A
  • stony slate and quartzite in the west
    • Loess, sand and marl in central around Erbach
    • Calcareous in east around Hochheim, distinct for heavier style, mineral complexity
26
Q

Rheingau history

A
  • Historically the highest quality German Rieslings

* consistently only produced dry

27
Q

Rheingau market and trade

A
  • Proximity to urban centers like Frankfurt helped establish early reputation
    • Lots of domestic competition
      • Baden-warmer and fashionable
      • Rheinhessen
      • Nahe—exciting place for delicate rieslings with synergy of fruit, acid and RS
28
Q

Rheingau producers

A
  • Kloster Eberbach is powerful state-owned estate with long history and large holdings
    • Schloss Johannisberg
      • Historical estate which played an important role in the discovery of Botrytized wines
      • Johannisberg riesling synonym for German Riesling
29
Q

Mosel - Lower Mosel

A
  • North of Mittelmosel
    * Growers for centuries, gaining new reputation only recently
    * at a commercial disadvantage
    * Small holdings
    * Very steep
    * Isolated
    * More in common with Mittelrhein
    * Known as Terrassenmosel
    * Devonian (blue) slate, red slate and quartzite meet notably at Winningen,
    * high levels of ripeness
    * Uhlen vineyard
30
Q

Mosel - Mittelmosel

A
  • most Einzellagen with outstanding potential in Mosel
    * Piesporter-Goldtropchen—south facing amphitheater
    * Grosslage name Piesporter-Michelsberg brings down reputation of this top quality site
    * Graacher-Himmelreich
    * Bernkasteler-Doktor—signature black cherry note
31
Q

Mosel - Saar

A
  • cooler than Middle Mosel
    * higher in elevation
    * Smaller river
    * Tributaries of Mosel
    * Egon Muller at Wiltingener-Scharzhofberg
32
Q

Mosel viticulture

A
  • So steep, 3x man hours than flat lands or gentle slopes
    • Devonian slate soil
    • Mechanization impossible because of selective harvests and steep slopes
      • bottle prices just barely cover labor intensive work
33
Q

Mosel grapes

A
  • Riesling dominates, 60% of all vines
    * Mosel has signature fruity tasting tartaric acid which balances RS nicely
    * vague taste of wet stones
    • MT grown on less steep slopes or where there isn’t slate
    • Elbling in Upper Mosel west of Saar
34
Q

Mosel market and trade

A
  • Moselland co-op producers 20% of region’s output
    • Over-production and price warfare, along with catchall geographical designations as debased the standing of Mosel riesling
35
Q

Muller-Thurgau

A
  • Cross between riesling and Madeleine Royale created in Switzerland in the 19th century
  • German plantings on the decline
  • Early ripening, easy to work with in extreme German climate
  • Planted on the flatter and less slate-y parts of Mosel
  • Susceptible to rot, thin skinned
  • Peachy aromas with a flabby mid-palate
  • Embraced by German wine industry after WWII to rebuild industry rapidly
  • Often used with a great deal of Sussreserve
  • Main component of Liebfraumilch
  • Grown in Hungary, Austria, Switzerland and most successfully Alto Adige
    • High elevation, steep, stony slopes are best
36
Q

Silvaner

A
  • Early ripening and vigorous originating from Austria
  • Full-bodied, firm, high acidity and aromatically discreet
  • Best on clay-limestone soil
  • Best examples come from Franken, but also does well in Rheinhessen
  • Also grown in Alto Adige, Alsace
37
Q

Franken

A
  • Silvaner is flagship grape—age worthy and mineral complex wines
  • Riesling and Pinot Noir do well here too
  • Up and coming region, vine area has trebled in the last 50 years
  • Harsh autumns and spring frosts make yields very variable here
  • Clay-limestone soils
  • Mostly known for the distinctive bottle it comes in and high prices
  • Most wine consumed within Franken itself
38
Q

Grosses Gewächs

A
  • Dry wine from VDP designated superior vineyards (Grosse Lagen)
    • Only one wine per vineyard
    • From traditional grapes
    • Hand harvesting
    • Must weights at Spatlese level
    • Subject to sensory review
    • VDP attempt to create a recognizable full-bodied trocken wine
    • GG embossed on label
    • A la Burgundy Grand Cru, no village name on label, only named vineyard
39
Q

VDP self-imposed regulations for higher quality

A
  • Members must have holdings in top vineyard sites
    • Lower yields than required by German Wine Law
    • Higher must weights than required by GWL
    • 80% of plantings should be traditional varieties
    • Sound environmental methods
    • Regular VDP inspections
40
Q

VDP

A
  • Most influential and prestigious German growers’ association
  • Started in 2012 to introduce new regulations and classification system with the intent on highlighting renowned vineyard sites
  • Estates from all 13 wine-growing regions (Anbaugebeite)
  • 3.5% of total vineyard area, but a huge proportion of Germany’s finest wines
  • Uncompromising rules for high quality, self-imposed regulation
41
Q

Grosslagen

A
  • Collection of vineyards near a famous town intended to deceive consumers
  • Piesporter Michelsberg refers to a range of undistinguished sites, not necessarily the top vineyards right around Piesport
  • Labeling on the decline
42
Q

Einzellagen

A
  • Literally individual site
  • Almost all of Germany’s vineyards are officially registered as one of approx. 2600 Einzellagen
  • Typically about 38 ha, range from 1 to 200 ha
  • Vines divided among many different growers
  • Town (with -er) + vineyard name for labeling
43
Q

Deutscher Wein/Landwein/Tafelwein

A
  • Wine that does not qualify for qualitatswein
    * Not from one of the 13 Anbaugebeite
    * Not have high enough ripeness/must weight levels
    • Less than 5% of all German wine
44
Q

Qualitatswein (QbA)

A
  • Lowest level of German quality wine
    * Higher ripeness than Deutscher wein
    * From one of 13 Anbaugebeite
    • Dry to semi-sweet
    • Label must state region and style
    • Must be analyzed and tasted to earn AP number
      • Failure rate extremely low—90% of wine submitted qualifies
    • Chaptalization allowed
    • Majority of German wine
    • Bulk wine can sneak into this category because very high limit on yields
45
Q

Pradikatswein

A
  • Made from riper grapes than QbA,
    * Level determined through must weights in
    * From a single Bereich within one of the 13 Anbaugebeite
    • Dry to intensely sweet
    • Kabinett, Spatlese, Auslese, Beerenauslese, Trockenbeerenauslese, Eiswein
      • Volume of each produced varies dramatically with the weather
    • Chaptalization not allowed but sussreserve permitted
    • Doesn’t encourage real quality and harmony
      • Must weights only, no limits to yields
46
Q

AP Number

A
  • On every btl of German QbA wine
  • Signifies wine has passed official testing procedure of analysis and blind tasting
  • Numbers indicate
    • Region of test
    • location of vineyard
    • producer
    • Lot identity, distinguishes otherwise identical wines
    • Testing year

Unit 3 (7 decks)

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