Logistics

Question 1

LOGISTICS and SUPPLY CHAIN

Answer 1

❖Activities involved in the movement from the ultimate manufacturer to the customer/consumer.
❖The main objective of the Logistics System is to ensure that patients get the commodities they need.

Question 2

The six rights

Answer 2

To be successful, the system must fulfill the Six Rights of Supply chain management.
❖The right products for essential Medicines
❖In the right Quantity
❖Of the right Quality/condition are available/delivered to ❖The right place
❖At the right time
❖For the right Cost

Question 3

The logistics system addresses the concept,

Answer 3

The logistics system addresses the concept,” No Products, No Program.” An essential Medicines program cannot operate successfully without a continuous reliable supply of Medicines. Well functioning Supply Chain are critical to achieving commodity security, which exists when every person is able to obtain and use essential Medicines whenever they are needed

Question 4

LOGISTICS CYCLE

Answer 4

This process involves a number of steps and activities in order to obtain a successful Logistics System.
❖1. Products Selection: done based on disease prevalence/priority and essential Medicines List available.
❖2. Forecasting and Procurement: estimation of the quantities for each selected product and a process of procuring and receiving the order/products.
❖3. Storage and Distribution : It is necessary to ensure proper storage condition after receiving products.
❖4. Servicing Customers: after distribution medicines are made available for patients as needed.

Question 5

❖MONTH OF STOCK:

Answer 5

❖MONTH OF STOCK: number of months essential Medicines will last based on the issue data.

Question 6

❖EMERGENCY ORDER POINT

Answer 6

❖EMERGENCY ORDER POINT: The level of stock that triggers an emergency order regardless of the timing within review period

Question 7

❖CONSUMPTION DATA:

Answer 7

❖CONSUMPTION DATA: provides information about the quantity of goods given to customers/patients

Question 8

AVERAGE MONTHLY CONSUMPTION:

Answer 8

AVERAGE MONTHLY CONSUMPTION: average quantities used in either the most recent three or six months divided by the months selected (3or6).

Question 9

❖MAXIMUM STOCK LEVEL:

Answer 9

❖MAXIMUM STOCK LEVEL: Level of stock above which inventory levels should not rise under normal conditions and it is fixed based on the facility.

Question 10

❖MINIMUM STOCK LEVEL:

Answer 10

❖MINIMUM STOCK LEVEL: level of stock at which actions to replenish inventory should occur under normal conditions and it is also fixed.

Question 11

❖LOSES/ ADJUSTMENTS:

Answer 11

❖LOSES/ ADJUSTMENTS: loses are quantities of inventory removed from stock for anything other than dispensing or issuing to other facilities, e.g. lost, theft, damage or expiry. Adjustments is the issuing/dispensing (-) or recieving (+) of stock to other facilities than DHO,PHO, or Central ZAMMSA can either be negative or positive.

Question 12

There are three Essential Data items that are required inorder to mange a logistics system and captured by LMIS.

Answer 12

• 1. Stock on hand
• 2. Consumption data
• 3. Loses and Adjustments

Question 13

• There are three activities or records that are used in the collection of essential data within a logistics system.

Answer 13

• 1. Stock Keeping Records:
• 2. Transaction Records:
• 3. Consumption Records:

Question 14

Stock Keeping Records:

Answer 14

1. Stock Keeping Records: gives information on what is available in stock e.g. Bin Cards, Stock Control cards, Stock lagger.

Question 15

Transaction Records:

Answer 15

Transaction Records: documents that gives information on the movements of commodities, e.g. Supply Vouchers, Goods Received Note(GRN) etc.

Question 16

Consumption Records:

Answer 16

Consumption Records: which can be found in drug Charts, prescription records, drug distribution books, Daily Activities Register (DAR) etc

Question 17

MAX-MIN INVENTORY CONTROL SYSTEM

Answer 17

❖The purpose is to inform personnel when and how much of commodities to order and to maintain an appropriate Stock level to meet the needs of the patients
❖It also prevents Shortages, oversupply and expiry of drugs.

Question 18

Max /Min

Answer 18

❖District level 1,2&3: Maximum Stock level is 3months, Minimum stock level is 2 months and emergency order point is 2weeks/0.5months.
❖Health Centers: Maximum Stock level is 4months, Minimum stock level is 2months and emergency order point is 0.5months.
❖DHO: Maximum Stock level is 3 month, Minimum stock level is 2 months and emergency order point is 0.5months

Question 19

Month of Stock

Answer 19

Month of Stock = Stock on Hand ÷ Average Monthly Issues

Question 20

Average monthly Consumption

Answer 20

Average monthly Consumption = quantity issued in 3or 6months ÷
the number of months.

Question 21

Maximum stock quantity

Answer 21

Maximum stock quantity = AMC × Maximum Stock level

Question 22

when you calculate the AMC round ————— to the nearest whole number.

Answer 22

when you calculate the AMC round upwards to the nearest whole number.

Question 23

When you calculate MoS round ________if the number after decimal place is 5 or >5 if less round _________ to the nearest whole number.

Answer 23

When you calculate MoS round upwards if the number after decimal place is 5 or >5 if less round down to the nearest whole number.