Logical Reasoning: Assuption Family

Question 1

1. ) The terms or concepts in the evidence appear unrelated to the conclusion
2. ) A new term or concept- not related to the evidence- appears in the conclusion

Answer 1

Mismatched Concepts

Question 2

Commonly assumed relationships between mismatched concepts

Answer 2

Term or concepts are alike/equivalent

Question 3

Fails to consider other explanations, reasons, or outcomes based on the evidence

Answer 3

Overlooked Possibility

Question 4

Confuses sufficient and necessary terms

Answer 4

Overlooked Possibility

Question 5

Dose not consider potential advantages or disadvantages when making a recommendation

Answer 5

Overlooked Possibility

Question 6

Assumes that something will occur just because it could occur

Answer 6

Overlooked Possibility

Question 7

Author arrives at a claim of causation based on evidence that is only correlated

Answer 7

Overlooked Possibility

Question 8

Prediction is based on an assumption that circumstances will or will not change

Answer 8

Overlooked Possibility

Question 9

Term or concepts are alike/equivalent

Answer 9

Mismatched Concept

Question 10

Terms or concepts are mutually exclusive

Answer 10

Mismatched Concept

Question 11

One term or concept is needed for the other

Answer 11

Mismatched Concept

Question 12

One term or concept represents the other

Answer 12

Mismatched Concept

Question 13

Recognize these questions by the praising “if assumed” or “conclusion follows logically”

Answer 13

Sufficient Assumption Questions

Question 14

The correct answer, when combined with the evidence, will guarantee the conclusion

Answer 14

Sufficient Assumption Questions

Question 15

Mismatched Concepts arguments with Formal Logic dominate Sufficient Assumption questions

Answer 15

Sufficient Assumption Questions

Question 16

1. ) Which one of the following, if assumed, enables the conclusion above to be properly inferred?
2. ) The conclusion of the argument follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?

Answer 16

Sufficient Assumption Questions

Question 17

Recognize these questions by the phrasing “an assumption required by the argument” or “the argument depends on the assumption that.”

Answer 17

Necessary Assumption Questions

Question 18

The correct answer doesn’t have to be sufficient for the conclusion to be drawn, just necessary

Answer 18

Necessary Assumption Questions

Question 19

Both Mismatched Concepts and Overlooked Possibilities arguments will be tested

Answer 19

Necessary Assumption Questions

Question 20

Use the Denial Test to distinguish the correct answer

Answer 20

Necessary Assumption Questions

Question 21

1. ) Which one of the following is an assumption that the argument requires in order for its conclusion to be properly drawn?
2. ) The argument depends on which of the following assumption?
3. ) Which of the following is an assumption required by the economist’s argument

Answer 21

Necessary Assumption Question

Question 22

1. ) The reasoning in the argument is questionable because the argument
2. ) The argument’s reasoning is flawed because the argument overlooks the possibility that
3. ) The plant manager’s argument is most venerable to criticism on which one of the following grounds?

Answer 22

Flaw Questions

Question 23

Overlooked Possibilities: Failure to consider alternative explanations

Answer 23

Flaw Questions

Question 24

Overlooked Possibilities: A conclusion of causation based on evidence of correlation

Answer 24

Flaw Questions

Question 25

Overlooked Possabilities: Confusing necessary and sufficient terms

Answer 25

Flaw Questions

Question 26

Mismatched Concepts (including alike/equivalent, manually exclusive, and representation)

Answer 26

Flaw Questions

Question 27

The correct answer will describe the error in the author’s reasoning.

Answer 27

Flaw Questions

Question 28

You will be tested on your ability to identify flaws in both Mismatched Concepts and Overlooked Possibilities arguments.

Answer 28

Flaw Questions

Question 29

Correct answer choices are often written in abstract languages; from a prediction and match it to the closest answer choice.

Answer 29

Flaw Questions

Question 30

1. ) Which one of the following, if true most seriously weakens the argument?
2. ) The argument will be most seriously weakened if which one of the following were discovered?

Answer 30

Weaken question

Question 31

A correct answer disprove the conclusion, just waken it

Answer 31

Weaken Question

Question 32

The most common argument type in this question type is Overlooked Possibilities

Answer 32

Weaken Question

Question 33

Correct answer choices nearly always introduce a possible objection to the conclusion that the author has not considered

Answer 33

Weaken Question

Question 34

1. ) Which of the following, if true most helps to strengthen the historians’ argument?
2. ) Which one of the following, if true, most strongly supports the explanation above?
3. ) which one of the following, if true, provides the strongest additional support for the hypothesis above?

Answer 34

Strengthen Questions

Question 35

The correct answer, when added to the evidence, doesn’t have to prove the conclusion– just make it more likely

Answer 35

Strengthen Questions

Question 36

Both Mismatch Concepts and Overlooked Possibilities arguments show up in this type of questions, although overlooked possibilities are more common

Answer 36

Strengthen Questions

Question 37

In a Mismatched Concepts argument, look for an answer choice that either affirms the author’s assumption or directly supports the conclusion

Answer 37

Strengthen Questions

Question 38

In an Overlooked Possibilities argument, look for an answer choice that removes a potential objection that the author is not considering

Answer 38

Strengthen Questions

Question 39

1. ) Which one of the following principles, if established, most helps to justify the conclusion in the passage?
2. ) Which one of the following principles underlies the arbitrator’s argument?
3. ) The information above conforms most closely to which one of the following principles?

Answer 39

Principle Questions

Question 40

Characterize flaw in the stimulus argument; the correct answer will be flawed in precisely the same way

Answer 40

Parallel Flaw

Question 41

You may compare the conclusion in stimulus argument to those in answer choice arguments

Answer 41

Parallel Flaw

Question 42

Be on the lookout for flawed Formal Logic

Answer 42

Parallel Flaw