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LSAT Glossary Cards > Defintions > Flashcards

Defintions Flashcards

1
Q

Abstract:

“The agreement develops its conclusion by ABSTRACTING a general principle from specific data.”

A

Develop a general principle from a concrete example.

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2
Q

Adduce:

“Attempting to make a particular comparison seem absurd by ADDUCING evidence that suggest that the events compared share only traits that are irrelevant to the claim the comparison is intended to support”

A

Offer as an example or evidence

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3
Q

Accede:

“Some biologists have ACCEDED to general intellectual disdain for the merely particular…
constructing their science as a set of universal laws.”

A

Agree, Assent, Comply

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4
Q

Altruistic:

“Behavior that appears ALTRUISTIC can be understood as being motivated by the desire to reinforce [the belief that one is] useful and needed.”

A

Unselfish, Philanthropic

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5
Q

Ambiguous:

“interpreting an AMBIGUOUS claim in one way in one part of the argument and another way in another part of the argument.”

A

Having more then one possible meaning or interpretation.

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6
Q

Ameliorate:

“moderate wine consumption AMELIORATES factors that contribute to premature heart disease.”

A

Improve, Restore, to previous superior condition.

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7
Q

Analogous:

“showing that a relevantly ANALOGOUS argument leads to an untenable conclusion”

A

Similar in Certain Respects, Comparable

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8
Q

Analogy:

A

A form of inference, reasoning that if two things are alike in one respect, they are alike in certain other ways.

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9
Q

Anecdotal:

“The reasoning relies on evidence that is ANECDOTAL rather than scientific.”

A

Subjective, Relating to a personal account of an incident or event.

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10
Q

Anomalous:

“The spiny anteater has been seen as ANOMALOUS in that it has a very large brain relative to the animal’s size.”

A

Deviating from expectation, Irregular, Abnormal

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11
Q

Antecedent:

A

Happening or existing before something else

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12
Q

Appropriate:

“Modern literature can damage individuals who APPROPRIATE this attitude.”

A

Adopt, Take upas a practice or attitude

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13
Q

Arbritrary:

A

Capricious, Based on one’s own will, Not bound by rule or law.

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14
Q

Ascribe:

“The passage most strongly supports this ASCRIPTION of which one of the following views to scientists who use the analytical method”

A

(v.t.) Credit to, Attribute

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15
Q

Assertion:

“The author dismisses an ASSERTION as unfounded.”

A

Claim, Statement, Contention

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16
Q

Assumption:

A

Unproven Premise, a Premise that is Taken for a Granted, and often unstated

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17
Q

Attribute:

“the initial causes of serious accidents at nuclear power plants have been ATTRIBUTED to human error.”

“the response ATTRIBUTES to Ruth a view that is more vulnerable to criticism than any she actually espouses.”

A

(v.t.) Credit to, Ascribe

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18
Q

Causality:

“The editorial undermines the conclusion of the causal arrangement by showing that there is no CAUSALITY involved.”

A

Causation, the relationship between a cause and its effect.

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19
Q

Cite:

“The failure of CITED evidence to establish a statement is taken as evidence that the statement is false.”

A

Name, Refer to as example or support

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20
Q

Claim:

“SOME RESIDENTS of Midville CLAIM that Midville is generally more expensive to live in than nearby towns are.”

A

(n.) An assertion of (or (v.t.) To assert) the truth of something, typically one that is disputed or in doubt

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21
Q

Compatible:

“[The statement] is COMPATIBLE either with accepting the conclusion or with denying it.”

“The claim is COMPATIBLE with the truth or falsity of the conclusion.”

A

Consistent, Non-Contradictory

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22
Q

Concede:

“CONCEDES that the solution advocated by Robert would be effective, but insists that the reasons for this are not those given by Robert”

A

Acknowledge Grudgingly, Admit, Grant

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23
Q

Concurrent:

“No two tasks will be demonstrated CONCURRENTLY.”

A

Occurring at the same time, Simultaneous

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24
Q

Conductive:

“Laboratory conditions are not CONDUCTIVE to the development of lathyrism.”

A

Tending to encourage or bring about a particular result

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25
Q

Consistent:

“It concludes that one thing was caused by another although the evidence given is CONSISTENT with the first thing’s having caused the second.”

A

Doesn’t Contradict; In Agreement With; Compatible

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26
Q

Construe:

“the force of Dr. Schilling’s criticism depends on CONSTRUING the key notion of ‘access’ in a particular way.”

A

Understand the meaning of words in a particular way

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27
Q

Contention:

“The second paragraph illustrates the CONTENTION that common law may support the claims of Native Americans to the contents of ancestral graves.”

A

Opinion or Claim stated in the course of an argument

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28
Q

Contingent:

“The introduction of a new drug into the marketplace should be CONTINGENT upon our having a good understanding of its social impact.”

A

Conditional, Dependent for Occurrence on Something Else

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29
Q

Counterproductive:

“This strategy lacks a COUNTERPRODUCTIVE feature of a rejected alternative.”

A

Producing problems instead of helping to achieve an intended goal

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30
Q

Countervailing:

“The paragraph describes a criticism of a theory and provides COUNTERVAILING evidence to the criticism to the the criticism.”

A

Offset, Counteracting, Compensating

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31
Q

Correlation:

“The CORRELATION between stress and all cases of high blood pressure is merely coincidental.”

A

Mutual or Reciprocal Relationship, But DOES NOT EQUAL Causation

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32
Q

Criterion:

“Alicia… rejects Concetta’s CRITERION and then disputes a specific claim.”

A

Standard of Judgment

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33
Q

Deleterious:

“It fails to rule out the possibility that a true belief can have DELETERIOUS consequences.”

A

Detrimental, Destrutive

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34
Q

Elicit:

A

Cause or produce something as a reaction or response

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35
Q

Entail:

“The absence of a particular path that the eye must follow does not ENTAIL that the eye follows no path.”

A

Involve or result in something inevitably, Lead to

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36
Q

Entity:

“There can be no obligation to an ENTITY unless that ENTITY has a corresponding right.”

A

Individual Being, Something that Exists

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37
Q

Equivocate:

“The argument EQUIVOCATES with respect to the term “evidence.””

A

Unfairly Exploit Ambiguity

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38
Q

Eschew:

“Many of Rembrandt’s contemporaries ESCHEWED the patronage system and sold their works on the open market.”

A

Shun, Avoid

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39
Q

Establish:

“Statements that absolutely ESTABLISH Dobson’s conclusion are treated as if they merely give some support to that conclusion.”

A

Prove, Confirm

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40
Q

Explicate:

“The main purpose of the passage is to EXPLICATE an interpretation and introduce a qualification.”

A

Explain and develop an idea or theory, showing its implications

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41
Q

Explicit:

“It provides information that is inconsistent with an EXPLICITLY stated premise in Tom’s argument.”

A

Clear, Overt

42
Q

Extrinsic:

“A work of art’s… EXTRINSIC properties are irrelevant to our interactions with it.”

A

Non-essential, External, Originating from the outside

43
Q

Feasible:

“Presumes, without providing justification, that some FEASIBLE means can be found to deter large meteorite strikes”

A

Capable of Being Accomplished, Viable, Realistic

44
Q

Few:

“FEW serious ecological problems are the result of government mismanagement.”

A

Most (are) not

45
Q

Grant:

“The reference functions primarily to GRANT that a reader may be guided by the text to some degree.”

A

Concede, Acknowledge that what somebody else has said is true.

46
Q

Grounds:

“The argument fails to offer any GROUNDS for the attack it makes on the character of the person.”

A

Basis, Reason, Justification

47
Q

Hypothesis:

“The statements above, if true, would provide the strongest support for which one of the following HYPOTHESIS?”

A

Suggested Explanation for an Observed Event

48
Q

Implicit:

“its conclusion contradicts an IMPLICIT principle on which an earlier part of the argument is based”

A

Implied, Tacit, Underlying

49
Q

Impute:

“R frequently IMPUTES bad faith to researchers disagreeing with him”

A

Ascribe, Allege, Attribute, Charge

50
Q

Inadvertent:

“The claim INADVERTENTLY contradicts the conclusion.”

A

Unintentional, Accidental

51
Q

Incompatible:

“the terms of the Factory Safety Act are INCOMPATIBLE with existing legislation.”

A

Conflicting, Contradictory, Irreconcilable

52
Q

Inconsistent:

“It provides information that is INCONSISTENT with an explicitly stated premise in Tom’s argument.”

A

Conflicting, Contradictory, Incompatible

53
Q

Inherent:

“makes use of the INHERENTLY vague term “self-understanding”without defining that term.”

A

Innate, Intrinsic

54
Q

In that:

“The reasoning in the argument above is flawed IN THAT the argument…”

A

For the reason that, Because, Since

55
Q

Infer:

“INFERS from the idea that the current geography of modern cities resulted from a particular cause that it could only have resulted from that cause”

A

Deduce, Conclude (Inference = Deduction, Conclusion)

56
Q

Intrinsic:

“uses a term that is INTRINSICALLY evaluative as though that term was purely descriptive”

A

Inherent, Innate (“built-in”)

57
Q

Invoke:

“supporting a conclusion about a specific case by INVOKING a relevant generalization.”

A

Rely on in support of an argument, cite

58
Q

Maintain:

“Proponents of the electric car MAINTAIN that when [its] technical problems are solved, such cars will be widely used.”

A

Argue, Defend (a claim) against criticism

59
Q

Many:

A

Some (‘Many’ means “a large but indefinite number”; MANY ≠ Most)

60
Q

Mechanism:

“The argument seeks to support, by describing a suitable MECHANISM , the hypothesis that a certain phenomenon can occur”

A

Means of doing something, Instrument

61
Q

Misconstrue:

A

Misinterpret, Misunderstand

62
Q

Mitigate:

“Some criminals with admirable motives deserve mitigated punishments.”

A

Offset, Lessen

63
Q

Most:

A

A Majority (more than 50%) (Up to and including All)

64
Q

Neither X nor Y:

“Neither Jessup nor Island has a theater.”

A

Not X and Y

65
Q

Net:

“Moral socialization has had a net effect of increasing the total amount of suffering”

A

Overall when positive and negative features are accounted-for

66
Q

Obtain:

“The following must obtain:” = “The following must occur:”

“mistaking a condition required if a certain result is to obtain for a condition that by itself is sufficient to guarantee that result”

“describing survey results that were obtained in the pastas if that are bound to obtain in the future as well”

A

(v.i.) Occure, Happen

67
Q

Pertinent:

“The issue is pertinent since heart disease kills more North Americans every year than any other single case.”

A

Relevant, Significant, Appropriate

68
Q

Phenomenon:

“takes for granted that a behavior that sometimes leads to a certain phenomenon cannot also significantly reduce the overall occurrence of that phenomenon”

A

Occurrence, Event, Incident

69
Q

Plausibility:

“relies for its plausibility on the vagueness of the term “classical””

A

Likelihood, Probability, Reasonableness

70
Q

Posit:

“There are theories that posit completely different casual mechanisms from those posited by Ferudian psychological theory”

A

Put something forward for consideration

71
Q

Postulate:

“When the events a theory postulates are detected, the theory is accepted even without an explanation of how those events are brought about.”

A

(v.t.) Hypothesize, Suggest, Propose

72
Q

Precede:

“G. will be its destination in the week preceding any voyage it makes to J.”

A

Occur before something else in time or position

73
Q

Precept:

“Modern architects, plagued by egotism, have violated this precept.”

A

Rule or Principle imposing a Standard of Conduct

74
Q

Preclude:

“fails to recognize that the play’s not satisfying one sufficient condition does not preclude it’s satisfying a different sufficient condition for adaptation as a movie or revival at the Decade Festival.”

A

Rule Out, Prevent, Foreclose

75
Q

Precondition:

“It has been argued that freedom of thought is a precondition for intellectual progress.”

A

Requirement, Something that must be done or agreed-to before something else can happen.

76
Q

Prerequisite:

Good soil is a prerequisite of good farming.”

A

Requirement, Condition, required for something else to happen.

77
Q

Prescription:

“makes a bold prescription on the bails of evidence that establishes only a high probability for a disastrous event”

A

Proposal, Recommendation

78
Q

Presume:

“It presumes, without providing warrant, that most activity within the world’s oceans is a result of an interplay of gravitational forces.”

A

Take for Granted, Assume

79
Q

Presuppose:

“It presupposes only one possibility where more than one exists.”

A

Assume, Take for Granted

80
Q

Proscribed:

A

Forbidden, Banned, Illegal

81
Q

Purport:

“The argument presupposes what it purports to establish”

A

Claim, Allege, Intend

82
Q

Putative:

“appeals to the authoritativeness of an opinion without evaluating the merit of a putative counterexample”

A

Supposed, Alleged

83
Q

Qualify:

“The argument states its conclusion in a heavily qualified way.”

“The main purpose of the passage is to explicate an interpretation and introduce a qualification.”

A

Modify or limit in some way

84
Q

Rebuttal:

“Which of the following most undermines the force of Galina’s attempted rebuttal of Lydia’s argument?”

A

Denial of the truth of something, especially by presenting arguments to disapprove it

85
Q

Refutation:

“The theory has yet to receive wither support or refutation by data gathered from a drilling project.”

A

Prof of falsity, denial

86
Q

Rhetorical:

“Most code-switching among Puerto Rican Americans can be explained by subtle situational and rhetorical factors.”

A

Relating to the skill of using language effectively and persuasively

87
Q

Some:

A

One or More (= not None) (up to and including All)

88
Q

Specious:

“Since it is controversial whether astrology has a scientific basis, any argument that attempts to prove that it has will be specious.”

A

Attractive but incorrect, Misleading, Deceptive

89
Q

Spurious:

A

Inauthentic, not valid or well-founded

90
Q

Subsidiary Conclusion:

“It is a subsidiary conclusion that supports the argument’s main conclusion.”

A

Conclusion used as a premise supporting a further conclusion

91
Q

Substantiate:

“The argument attempts to persuade by appealing to authority to substantiate an assertion.”

A

Confirm that something is true or valid

92
Q

Supposition:

“Mark’s argument and Janes’s argument are based on conflicting suppositions.”

A

Assumption, Belief based on some evidence but lacking proof

93
Q

Susceptible:

“Not all animal species are equally susceptible to lathyrism”

A

Vulnerable, Capable of being affected by something

94
Q

Tacit:

“The argument contains the tacit assumption that residents of neighborhoods should have the right to restrict traffic through their communities.”

A

Unspoken, Implicit, Implied, Understood

95
Q

Temporal:

“The argument mistakes and temporal relationship for a casual relationship.”

A

Relating to measured time, Chronological

96
Q

Unfounded:

“The author dismisses an assertion as unfounded.”

A

Unjustified, Unsupported, Unwarrented

97
Q

Unqualified:

“Unqualified disapproval”

A

Total, Complete, Utter

98
Q

Unrepresentative:

“generalizes from a sample that is likely to be unrepresentative”

A

Misleading, Unrelaible, Deceptive

99
Q

Untenable:

“showing that relevantly analogous argument leads to an untenable conclusion”

A

Unsound, Invalid

100
Q

Unwarranted:

“makes an unwarranted assumption that a characteristic that is shared by two classes of things is their only common feature”

A

Unsupported

101
Q

Validate:

“Reader-response theory can encourage and even validate fragmented reviews of work.”

A

Confirm or establish the truth or soundness of something

102
Q

Warrant:

“assumes without warrant that age is the main determinant of personal income and saving levels”

“It presumes, without providing warrant, that most activity within the world’s oceans is a result of an interplay of gravitational forces”

A

(n. ) Justification, Good Reason, Support;

(v. tr.) Justify, Give Reason For

LSAT Glossary Cards (5 decks)

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