Logical Reasoning - Argument Flashcards

1
Q

To identify an argument’s premises, what do you ask yourself?

A

What reasons has the author used to persuade me?

Why should I believe this argument?

What evidence exists?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

To identify a argument’s conclusion, what do you ask yourself?

A

What is the author driving at?

What does the author want me to believe?

What point follows from the others?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the words used to introduce an argument’s premises?

A
Because
Since
For
For example
For the reason that
In that
Given that
As indicated by
Due to
Owing to
This can be seen from
We know this by
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the words used to introduce an argument’s conclusions?

A
Thus
Therefore
Hence
Consequently
As a result
So
Accordingly
Clearly
Must be that
Shows that 
Conclude that
Follows that
For this reason
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Conclusion indicator and premise indicator in one sentence means?

For example, “Therefore, since…”

A

The end of the premise will be closed with a second comma, and the conclusion will follow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the words used to introduce an additional argument’s premises?

A
Furthermore
Moreover
Besides
In addition
What's more
After all
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the words used to indicate an argument’s counter-premises?

A
But
Yet
However
On the other hand
Admittedly
In contrast
Although
Even though
Still
Whereas
In spite of
Despite
After all
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What would you do if you can’t identify a conclusion?

A

Take the statements under consideration for the conclusion and mentally place them in an arrangement that forces one to be the conclusion and premises using the indicators.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Complex Argument

A

One of the most commonly used complex argument forms is to place the main conclusion in the first sentence of the argument, and then to place the sub-conclusion in the last sentence of the argument, preceded by a conclusion indicator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Determine strength of a argument

A

Ask “Do the given facts support the conclusion?”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inference

A

Must be true based on the information presented in the argument

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Assumption

A

What must be true in order for the argument to be true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the Quality indicators?

A

Quality indicators refer to the amount or quantity in the relationship:

All
Every
Most
Many
Some
Several
Few
Sole
Only
Not all
None
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the probability indicators?

A
Probability indicators refer to the likelihood of occurrence:
Must
Will
Always
Not always
Probably
Likely
Would
Not necessarily 
Could
Rarely
Never
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly