Logical Reasoning

Question 1

Anatomy of an LR question (3)

Answer 1

-Stimulus
-Question/Task
-Answer choices

Question 2

4 components of an LR stimulus

Answer 2

1. Main conclusion
2. Evidence
3. Intermediate conclusion (commonly)
4. Background info

Question 3

An intermediate conclusion acts both as

Answer 3

A conclusion to evidence, and evidence for a new conclusion

Question 4

Background info contains

Answer 4

non-critical info

Question 5

10 conclusion signal words

Answer 5

Thus
Therefore
Hence
So
Nonetheless
Conclude
It follows that
As a result
Clearly/Obviously
Nevertheless

Question 6

7 Evidence signal words

Answer 6

Because
Since
After all
On the grounds that
Given that
For
As shown by

Question 7

9 types of LR questions with conclusion + evidence in the stimulus

Answer 7

Assumption
Flaw
Strengthen
Weaken
Match the flaw
Match the structure
Identify the hole
Identify the technique
Identify the conclusion

Question 8

Best question to ask to weed out wrong answer choices

Answer 8

Does choice X have to be true?

Question 9

“on balance”

Answer 9

All things considered.”

Question 10

“take for granted”

Answer 10

Assume without justification

Question 11

“Main conclusion”

Answer 11

Statement supported by another statement, but does not itself support another statement.

Question 12

“Definite conclusion”

Answer 12

True 100% or 0% of the time.

Question 13

5 Definite conclusion indicators

Answer 13

Every
All
Non
Never
Will

Question 14

Indefinite conclusion indicators show

Answer 14

Likelihood
quantity
frequency
proximity

Question 15

Definite conclusions are sometimes called

Answer 15

categorical conclusions

Question 16

Indefinite conclusions are sometimes called

Answer 16

qualified conclusions

Question 17

5 types of conclusions in LR

Answer 17

-Comparisons
-Causation
-Assessments
-Predictions
-Simple beliefs

Question 18

Assessments must have

Answer 18

a value judgement

Question 19

3 Comparison indicators

Answer 19

Better than
Healthier than
More useful than

Question 20

When is something not a “causation” even if it seems that way?

Answer 20

When someone believes something to be true because of certain facts being true.

Question 21

2 Assessment indicators

Answer 21

Should
Ought to

Question 22

Are scientific facts assessments

Answer 22

No