Conditional Logic Flashcards
Logic that is valid or invalid based on form
Formal logic
Logic that is strong or weak based on the content of its support
Informal logic
______ logic deals with absolutes
Formal
Conditional logic is a part of _______ logic
Formal logic
Set
Abstract collection of members
Superset
Larger set with sets in it
Subset
Smaller set within a superset
Oldest mistake in the book
Confusing sufficiency (subset) for necessity (superset)
Membership in a subset is ______ for membership in its superset
Sufficient
Membership in a superset is _________ for membership in a subset
Necessary
Sufficiency and necessity are _____ concepts
Relational
Form of a conditional argument
A —> B
A
=B
Truth is a property of ______
Claims
Validity is a property of ______
Arguments
Negation is a _______
Contradiction
The negation of X is
Not X
The opposite of X is
Y (for example)
What is a contrapositive?
A logically equivalent statement that reverses the +/- signs of a proposition
Contrapositive of A —> B
/B —> /A
Sufficiency and necessity indicators only apply if the proposition expresses (3)
-Conditional relationship
-Relationship between subsets and supersets
-Relationship about members within a set
In X —> Y, which is the sufficient condition and which is the necessary condition
X = sufficient
Y = necessary
Sufficiency Indicators (group 1) (7)
-If
-When
-Where
-All
-Every
-Any
-THE only
Necessary Indicators (group 2) (6)
-Only
-Only if
-Only when
-Only where
-Always
-Must
Negate, Sufficient Indicators (group 3) (4)
-Or
-Unless
-Until
-Without
Negate, necessary indicators (group 4) (4)
-No
-None
-Not both
-Cannot
The word “or” in the LSAT most often means
Inclusive, and/or, could be “both”
When does “or” not mean and/or
or ____, but not both
Either ____ or _____
How to translate A unless B
/B —> A
or
/A —> B
Translate if A, then B
A —> B
Translate when A, then B
A —> B
Translate where A, then B
A —> B
Translate all A are B
A —> B
Translate every A is B
A —> B
Translate the only A is B
A —> B
Translate only A, B
B —> A
Translate B only if A
B —> A
Translate B only when A
B —> A
Translate B only where A
B —> A
Translate B always A
B —> A
Translate B must A
B —> A
Translate A or B (or both)
/A —> B
/B —> A
Translate A unless B
/A —> B
/B —> A
Translate A until B
/A —> B
/B —> A
Translate A without B
/A —> B
/B —> A
Translate if no A, B
A —> /B
B —> /A
Translate if none of A, B
A —> /B
B —> /A
Translate A or B, but not both
A —> /B
B —> /A
A cannot B
A —> /B
B —> /A
