Conditional Logic Flashcards

1
Q

Logic that is valid or invalid based on form

A

Formal logic

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2
Q

Logic that is strong or weak based on the content of its support

A

Informal logic

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3
Q

______ logic deals with absolutes

A

Formal

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4
Q

Conditional logic is a part of _______ logic

A

Formal logic

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5
Q

Set

A

Abstract collection of members

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6
Q

Superset

A

Larger set with sets in it

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7
Q

Subset

A

Smaller set within a superset

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8
Q

Oldest mistake in the book

A

Confusing sufficiency (subset) for necessity (superset)

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9
Q

Membership in a subset is ______ for membership in its superset

A

Sufficient

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10
Q

Membership in a superset is _________ for membership in a subset

A

Necessary

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11
Q

Sufficiency and necessity are _____ concepts

A

Relational

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12
Q

Form of a conditional argument

A

A —> B
A
=B

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13
Q

Truth is a property of ______

A

Claims

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14
Q

Validity is a property of ______

A

Arguments

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15
Q

Negation is a _______

A

Contradiction

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16
Q

The negation of X is

A

Not X

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17
Q

The opposite of X is

A

Y (for example)

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18
Q

What is a contrapositive?

A

A logically equivalent statement that reverses the +/- signs of a proposition

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19
Q

Contrapositive of A —> B

A

/B —> /A

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20
Q

Sufficiency and necessity indicators only apply if the proposition expresses (3)

A

-Conditional relationship
-Relationship between subsets and supersets
-Relationship about members within a set

21
Q

In X —> Y, which is the sufficient condition and which is the necessary condition

A

X = sufficient
Y = necessary

22
Q

Sufficiency Indicators (group 1) (7)

A

-If
-When
-Where
-All
-Every
-Any
-THE only

23
Q

Necessary Indicators (group 2) (6)

A

-Only
-Only if
-Only when
-Only where
-Always
-Must

24
Q

Negate, Sufficient Indicators (group 3) (4)

A

-Or
-Unless
-Until
-Without

25
Negate, necessary indicators (group 4) (4)
-No -None -Not both -Cannot
26
The word "or" in the LSAT most often means
Inclusive, and/or, could be "both"
27
When does "or" not mean and/or
or ____, but not both Either ____ or _____
28
How to translate A unless B
/B ---> A or /A ---> B
29
Translate if A, then B
A ---> B
30
Translate when A, then B
A ---> B
31
Translate where A, then B
A ---> B
32
Translate all A are B
A ---> B
33
Translate every A is B
A ---> B
34
Translate the only A is B
A ---> B
35
Translate only A, B
B ---> A
36
Translate B only if A
B ---> A
37
Translate B only when A
B ---> A
38
Translate B only where A
B ---> A
39
Translate B always A
B ---> A
40
Translate B must A
B ---> A
41
Translate A or B (or both)
/A ---> B /B ---> A
42
Translate A unless B
/A ---> B /B ---> A
43
Translate A until B
/A ---> B /B ---> A
44
Translate A without B
/A ---> B /B ---> A
45
Translate if no A, B
A ---> /B B ---> /A
46
Translate if none of A, B
A ---> /B B ---> /A
47
Translate A or B, but not both
A ---> /B B ---> /A
48
A cannot B
A ---> /B B ---> /A