Logical Fallicies Flashcards
Faulty Analogy
argues that if two things are alike in one way, they are alike in all ways
Hasty Generalization / Overgeneralization
conclusion drawn from inadequate or atypical evidence about something or someone
ex. “all men don’t cry”
Post hoc, ergo propter hoc
asserts that one event caused another simply because it preceeded it
ex. “i got a haircut last week and then fsiled my test yesterday. it was obviously the reason for my grade”
Begging the Question / Circular Reasoning
a statement / claim that is assumed to be true with no evidence except for the statement / claim itself
Either-or / False Dilemma
when only two choices or extremes are given as the only options or explanations
Ad homenim
aims to discredit an argument by attacking the character of the opponent
Red herring
and unrelated issue introduced to divert attention away from the real issue
Card stacking / Suppression of Evidence
selecting only data that supports your own point of view while also ignoring contradictory data
Bandwagon
agreeing just because everybody else believes that same way
Ad Verecundiam / False Authority
innapropriate use of authority, someone trying to promote/explain something they have no expertise in
Oversimplification
leaving out relevant considerations of an argument to imply there is a single cause or solution to a problem
Non-Sequitur
a leap in logic that makes no sense
Reduction ad Absurdum
reducing the opponent’s argument to something absurd, crazy, or ridiculous
Slippery Slope
making huge assumptions leading to a far-fetched opinion
Equivocation
when a lie is given the appearance of truth or is given in deceptive language
