Logical Fallacies Flashcards
1
Q
Ad Hominem
A
- Person A makes claim X.
- Person B makes an attack on person A.
- Therefore, X is false.
“Ad Hominem” means “against the man” or “against
the person”.
2
Q
Appeal to Authority
A
- Person A is (claimed to be) an authority on subject S.
- Person A makes claim C about subject S.
- Therefore, C is true.
3
Q
Appeal to Belief
A
- Most people believe that claim X is true.
2. Therefore, X is true.
4
Q
Appeal to Common Practice
A
- X is a common action.
2. Therefore, X is correct/moral/justified/reasonable, etc.
5
Q
Appeal to Emotion
A
- Favorable emotions are associated with X.
2. Therefore, X is true.
6
Q
Appeal to Fear
A
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7
Q
Appeal to Flattery
A
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8
Q
Appeal to Novelty
A
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9
Q
Appeal to Popularity
A
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10
Q
Appeal to Ridicule
A
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11
Q
Appeal to Spite
A
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12
Q
Appeal to Tradition
A
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13
Q
Bandwagon
A
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14
Q
Begging the Question
A
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15
Q
Biased Sample
A
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