Logical Arguments

Question 1

modus ponens

Answer 1

If P, then Q.
P.
Therefore, Q.

Question 2

modus tollens

Answer 2

If P, then Q.
Not Q.
Therefore, not P.

Question 3

multiple modus ponens

Answer 3

If P, then Q.
If Q, then R.
P.
Therefore, R.

Question 4

multiple modus tollens

Answer 4

If P, then Q.
If Q, then R.
Not R.
Therefore, not P.