Logical Fallacies Flashcards
Unit test 1
Appeal to Force
using one’s political advantage although it cannot prove accuracy
Appeal to Emotion
trying to convince someone by making the audience feel an emotional attachment
Irrelevant Conclusion
reaching a conclusion that does not come directly from the premise
Fallacy of Misplaced Authority
Concluding that something is true because someone of authority said it (the kind of authority is not congruent with the issue at hand)
Appeal to Ignorance
When someone argues that a statement is false because it has not been proved true or true because it has not been proven false.
Attack on the person (Ad Hominen)
Criticism of some person’s position/belief by criticizing the person rather than the position itself
Appeal to Hypocrisy
type of ad hominen –> states that if one participated in something, one cannot argue against it (and vice versa)
Bandwagon Appeal
assuming that if the majority believes something, it must be true
Fallacy of Accident
treating what is accidental (attribute inhering in a subject) as something essential to that subject
Fallacy of False Cause
Assuming that when one event precedes another, it is the cause of the succeeding event
Fallacy of Begging the Question
assuming the point that needs to be proven, basing the conclusion on a premise that needs to be proven as much as the conclusion
Hasty Generalization
Reaching a conclusion without sufficient evidence
Straw Man
oversimplifying an opponent’s argument to make it easy to defeat
Fallacy of Equivocation
occurs when some word/expression is used with more than one meaning in an argument (the ambiguous use of the term causes error)
Fallacy of Part and Whole
attributing to a whole what belongs only to its parts or attributing to the part what belongs to the whole
