Logical Approaches, And Basic Procedures Flashcards
Basic clinical examination of female reproductive system steps
Check mammary glands
Masses, lactation, pain
Vulva
Size, shape, position, discharge, abnormal skin, mm
Rectal exam, vaginal exam not tolerated Anal sacs Urethra Pelvic diameter Vagina
Estrus history
Basic clinical examination of male reproductive system
Scrotum
Check skin, both are presence, size, shape, consistency, mobility and pain
Prepuce
Extrude penis and examine
Mucous membrane
Discharge
Rectal
Prostate
Anal sacs
Lymph nodes
List the steps of an Ovariohysterectomy
Midline approach Release ovary by breaking down suspensions ligament Clamp the pedicle Ligate and cut repeat above Ligate broad ligament Ligate above cervix and cut Remove uterus check for any bleeding
Where are the right and left ovarian pedicles located respectively?
Right pedicle: elevate the descending duodenum to find. Move SI to left
Left pedicle: elevate descending colon
List the 3 surgical variations of the ovariohysterectomy
Flank spay
Ovariectomy
Laparoscopic
Break down the steps of a C-section in small animals
Careful midline approach
Exteriorise the uterus
Incise into each horn ( faster when a lot of puppies)
Remove fetus, if placenta wants to come bring it, dont pull
Clamp umbilical cord
Squeeze gently to move next fetus down the horn
Repeat above until all fetus are removed
Repair the uterus with a simple appositional/inverting pattern ( single or double layer
Close
What is the difference between an en bloc ovariohysterectomy and a C- section?
An en bloc ovariohysterectomy requires a hysterectomy with clamps to be performed prior to neonate removal. Ligations is done after and all neonates have to be revived at once
C section is just the hysterotomy
What is the difference between open and closed castration techniques?
Open castration cuts the vaginal tunic and does not repair it while the closed method leaves it intact.
What is used instead of ligatures in a cat castration?
An overhand knot of the spermatic vessels and vas deferens
Name some conditions where scrotal ablation may be indicated
Scrotal disease Scrotal trauma Cosmetic Castration complication Perineal urethras to you Scrotum used for skin donation
What is the first step of a cryptorchid castration and the 3 surgical approach options?
Local the testicle during the exam or ultrasound.
Inguinal
Caudal midline laparotomy
Laparoscopic
What is the condition that occurs in entire female ferrets who have not mated, that causes anorexia, lethargy, vulval swelling, pale mm, and petechial hemorrhages
Hyperestrogenism
List alternative solutions to prevent hyperestrogenism other than spaying in ferrets
Mating with a vasectomised male
Hormone treatment, with proligestone in the spring
Deslorelin implants
When doing a male soundness exam what should you look for when observing from a distance?
Confirmation of hind limbs and pastern joints
Obvious swellings or abnormalities
RR
When doing a scrotal palpation what should you be considering?
Size Tone Consistency Lesions Symmetry
