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Philosophy > Logic 2 > Flashcards

Logic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Argument from definition

Deductive or inductive

A

Deductive
Argument in which the conclusion is claimed to depend merely on definition of some word or phrase used in the premise or conclusion.

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2
Q

Categorical syllogism

Deductive or inductive

A

Deductive

Each statement begins with one of the words “all” “no” or “some”

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3
Q

Hypothetical syllogism

Deductive or inductive

A

Deductive

Having a conditional “if…then” statement for one or both premises

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4
Q

Disjunctive syllogism

Deductive or inductive

A

Gavin a disjunctive “either…or…” Statement

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5
Q

“Necessarily” usually indicates a decisive or inductive argument?

A

Deductive

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6
Q

“Probably” usually indicates a deductive or an inductive argument?

A

Inductive argument

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7
Q

Improbable is a deductive or an inductive indicator?

A

Inductive indicator

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8
Q

Plausible is a deductive or an inductive indicator?

A

Inductive indicator

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9
Q

Implausible is a deductive or an inductive indicator?

A

Inductive indicator

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10
Q

Likely is a deductive or an inductive indicator

A

Inductive indicator

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11
Q

Unlikely is a deductive or inductive indicator

A

Inductive indicator

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12
Q

Certainly is a deductive or an inductive indicator

A

Deductive indicator

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13
Q

Absolutely is a deductive or inductive indicator

A

Deductive

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14
Q

Definitely is a deductive or an inductive indicator

A

Deductive indicator

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15
Q

Deductive or inductive?

All entertainers are extroverts. David letterman is an entertainer. Therefore, David letterman is an extrovert.

A

Deductive argument

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16
Q

Deductive or inductive?
The vast majority of entertainers are extroverts. David letterman is an entertainer. Therefore, David letterman is an extrovert.

A

Inductive argument

The premises do strictly follow. It offers it being possible.

17
Q

-Deductive or inductive?
-What kind?
All ancient forests are sources of wonder. Some ancient forests are targets of the timber industry. Therefore, some sources of wonder are targets of the timber industry.

A

Categorical syllogism

18
Q

-Deductive or inductive?
-what kind?
If estate taxes are abolished, then wealth will accumulate disproportionately. If wealth accumulates disproportionately, then democracy will be threatened. Therefore, if estate taxes are abolished, then democracy will be threatened.

A

Deductive argument

Hypothetical syllogism

19
Q

-deductive or inductive?
-what kind?
If Fox News is a propaganda machine, then it misleads viewers.
Fox News is a propaganda machine.
Therefore, Fox News misleads viewers.

A

Deductive argument

Hypothetical syllogism

20
Q

-deductive or inductive?
-what kind?
Either global warming will be arrested, or hurricanes will become more intense. Global warming will not be arrested. Therefore, hurricanes will become more intense.

A

Deductive argument

Disjunctive syllogism

21
Q

Prediction

Deductive or inductive

A

Inductive argument

Argument that proceeds from our knowledge of the past to a claim about the future

22
Q

Argument from analogy

Deductive or inductive

A

Inductive argument

Argument that depends on the existence of an analogy, or similarly between two things or states of affairs.

23
Q

Generalization

Deductive or inductive

A

Inductive argument

Makes assumption about selected sample that applies to whole group

24
Q

Argument from authority

Deductive or inductive

A

Inductive argument
Argument that concludes something to be true because a presumed expert or witness said so. But a witness or expert can lie or be mistakes so it can be probabilistic.

25
Q

Argument based on signs

A

Inductive argument
Knowledge from a sign, visual
Signs can be misplaced

26
Q

Casual inference

Deductive or inductive

A

Inductive
Argument that proceeds from knowledge of a cause to a claim about an effect, or, conversely from knowledge of an effect to a claim about a cause
(Natural signs that you make conclusions or assumptions from)

27
Q

Argument based on mathematics

Deductive or inductive

A

Deductive argument

The conclusion depends on some arithmetic or geometric computation or measurement.

28
Q

All strong arguments are also cogent. True or false?

A

False, not all

29
Q

Some valid arguments are also sound. True or false

A

True

30
Q

Every deductive argument with all true premises and a false conclusion must have an invalid form. True or false?

A

True

Philosophy (6 decks)

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