Logic 2 Flashcards
Argument from definition
Deductive or inductive
Deductive
Argument in which the conclusion is claimed to depend merely on definition of some word or phrase used in the premise or conclusion.
Categorical syllogism
Deductive or inductive
Deductive
Each statement begins with one of the words “all” “no” or “some”
Hypothetical syllogism
Deductive or inductive
Deductive
Having a conditional “if…then” statement for one or both premises
Disjunctive syllogism
Deductive or inductive
Gavin a disjunctive “either…or…” Statement
“Necessarily” usually indicates a decisive or inductive argument?
Deductive
“Probably” usually indicates a deductive or an inductive argument?
Inductive argument
Improbable is a deductive or an inductive indicator?
Inductive indicator
Plausible is a deductive or an inductive indicator?
Inductive indicator
Implausible is a deductive or an inductive indicator?
Inductive indicator
Likely is a deductive or an inductive indicator
Inductive indicator
Unlikely is a deductive or inductive indicator
Inductive indicator
Certainly is a deductive or an inductive indicator
Deductive indicator
Absolutely is a deductive or inductive indicator
Deductive
Definitely is a deductive or an inductive indicator
Deductive indicator
Deductive or inductive?
All entertainers are extroverts. David letterman is an entertainer. Therefore, David letterman is an extrovert.
Deductive argument
Deductive or inductive?
The vast majority of entertainers are extroverts. David letterman is an entertainer. Therefore, David letterman is an extrovert.
Inductive argument
The premises do strictly follow. It offers it being possible.
-Deductive or inductive?
-What kind?
All ancient forests are sources of wonder. Some ancient forests are targets of the timber industry. Therefore, some sources of wonder are targets of the timber industry.
Categorical syllogism
-Deductive or inductive?
-what kind?
If estate taxes are abolished, then wealth will accumulate disproportionately. If wealth accumulates disproportionately, then democracy will be threatened. Therefore, if estate taxes are abolished, then democracy will be threatened.
Deductive argument
Hypothetical syllogism
-deductive or inductive?
-what kind?
If Fox News is a propaganda machine, then it misleads viewers.
Fox News is a propaganda machine.
Therefore, Fox News misleads viewers.
Deductive argument
Hypothetical syllogism
-deductive or inductive?
-what kind?
Either global warming will be arrested, or hurricanes will become more intense. Global warming will not be arrested. Therefore, hurricanes will become more intense.
Deductive argument
Disjunctive syllogism
Prediction
Deductive or inductive
Inductive argument
Argument that proceeds from our knowledge of the past to a claim about the future
Argument from analogy
Deductive or inductive
Inductive argument
Argument that depends on the existence of an analogy, or similarly between two things or states of affairs.
Generalization
Deductive or inductive
Inductive argument
Makes assumption about selected sample that applies to whole group
Argument from authority
Deductive or inductive
Inductive argument
Argument that concludes something to be true because a presumed expert or witness said so. But a witness or expert can lie or be mistakes so it can be probabilistic.
Argument based on signs
Inductive argument
Knowledge from a sign, visual
Signs can be misplaced
Casual inference
Deductive or inductive
Inductive
Argument that proceeds from knowledge of a cause to a claim about an effect, or, conversely from knowledge of an effect to a claim about a cause
(Natural signs that you make conclusions or assumptions from)
Argument based on mathematics
Deductive or inductive
Deductive argument
The conclusion depends on some arithmetic or geometric computation or measurement.
All strong arguments are also cogent. True or false?
False, not all
Some valid arguments are also sound. True or false
True
Every deductive argument with all true premises and a false conclusion must have an invalid form. True or false?
True
