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Philosophy > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

There has to be _____ premise

A

At least one

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2
Q

The three parts of an argument are

A

Inference premise and conclusion

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3
Q

Therefore

A

Conclusion indicator

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4
Q

Wherefore

A

Conclusion indicator

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5
Q

Thus

A

Conclusion indicator

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6
Q

Consequently

A

Conclusion indicator

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7
Q

We may infer

A

Conclusion indicator

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8
Q

Accordingly

A

Conclusion indicator

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9
Q

We may conclude

A

Conclusion indicator

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10
Q

It must be that

A

Conclusion indicator

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11
Q

For this reason

A

Conclusion indicator

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12
Q

Entails that

A

Conclusion indicator

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13
Q

Hence

A

Conclusion indicator

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14
Q

It follows that

A

Conclusion indicator

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15
Q

Implies that

A

Conclusion indicator

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16
Q

As a result

A

Conclusion indicator

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17
Q

Since

A

Premise indicator

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18
Q

As indicated by

A

Premise indicator

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19
Q

Because

A

Premise indicator

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20
Q

For

A

Premise indicator

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21
Q

In that

A

Premise indicator

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22
Q

May be inferred from

A

Premise indicator

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23
Q

As

A

Premise indicator

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24
Q

Given

A

Premise indicator

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25
Q

Seeing that

A

Premise indicator

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26
Q

Seeing that

A

Premise indicator

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27
Q

For the reason that

A

Premise indicator

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28
Q

In as much as

A

Premise indicator

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29
Q

Owing to

A

Premise indicator

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30
Q

Being furniture is necessary or sufficient for being a chair

A

Necessary

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31
Q

Being a Dalmatian is necessary of sufficient for being a dog?

A

Sufficient

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32
Q

It has snowed everyday for the past three years. Therefore it will snow tomorrow. Is this weak strong or cogent?

A

The premises aren’t all true. But the argument is strong. It would be strong.

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33
Q

It has rained at least once in the past 25 years. Therefore it will rain this year. Weak strong or cogent

A

All premises are true and the argument is strong. This is cogent.

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34
Q

It has rained every year for 25 years. Therefore it’ll rain tomorrow. Weak strong or cogent

A

The premises are true but the argument is weak. Therefore it is weak.

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35
Q

Which fallacy? Sesame Street is the best tv show ever. And if you don’t believe that then my brother will beat you up

A

Appeal to force or argumentum baculum

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36
Q

Which fallacy? If you find me guilty then my six children will not have a father to support them and they’ll starve.

A

Appeal to pity or argumentum ad misericordiam

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37
Q

Which fallacy? Everyone is on a low carb diet. Therefore you should be on it too.

A

Appeal to people. Or argumentum ad populum

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38
Q

Everyone wants to look pretty. Therefore you should use cover girl makeup

A

Appeal to people or argumentum ad populum

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39
Q

Bill maher argues religion is foolish nonsense. But bill is arrogant and self righteous. Obviously his argument isn’t worth listening to. Which fallacy?

A

Argument against the person or ad hominem

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40
Q

The president argues that eating healthy foods are important. But look at what the president eats. He eats gross junk food. Clearly his argument shouldn’t be heard.

A

Against the person or ad hominem

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41
Q

Freedom of speech is a right. Therefore John Q. Radical shouldn’t be arrested for his speech that caused a riot. Which fallacy?

A

Accident.

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42
Q

People should keep promises. When Jess married Tyler she should have stayed will Tyler even though Tyler is a drug addict and gambles now. Which fallacy?

A

Accident

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43
Q

Mr. Goldberg has argued against prayer in public school. Obviously he is an atheist. Atheism was used in the past in Russia. This lead to suppression. Is this what we want for America? Clearly not. Therefore mr. Goldbergs argument is nonsense. Which fallacy?

A

Straw man

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44
Q

Crime is increasing a lot when it comes to petty crimes. Therefore we should enforce the death penalty. Which fallacy?

A

Missing the point or ignoratio elenchi

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45
Q

Pesticides shouldn’t be used on the fruits and veggies we grow. Fruits and vegetables are also essential for our health. Carrots carry vitamin A. Which fallacy?

A

Red herring

46
Q

Dr. Brown a vet has stated that people should be on a diet similar to dogs. Therefore we should conclude this is accurate and follow. Which fallacy

A

Appeal go unqualified authority of argumentum ad verecundiam

47
Q

People have been trying to prove astrology and no one could do so. Therefore we can conclude that it’s nonsense. Which fallacy

A

Appeal to ignorance or argumentum ad ignorantiam

48
Q

A bunch of teenagers ruined mr thompson’s mailbox. Therefore we can conclude all teenagers are delinquents. Which fallacy

A

Hasty generalization

49
Q

Every time the team one the team had yellow socks on. Therefore to prevent failure the team should wear yellow socks every game. Which fallacy

A

False cause.

50
Q

There are more laws in books today than before. There are more crimes being committed too. Therefore to prevent crimes we should eliminate the laws. Which fallacy

A

False cause

51
Q

Successful businesses executives are paid salaries in excess of $100,000. Therefore the best way to ensure Dave will be successful is to raise his salary to $100,000. Which fallacy

A

False cause

52
Q

Mr brown has asked to buy a coffeemaker for his office. But we shouldn’t do it because then he’ll want a micro and and a fridge. He then will has for a new chair. This will harm our budget. Which fallacy

A

Slippery slope.

53
Q

Penguins are small flightless birds. Chickens are small flightless birds as well and Americans love to eat them. Therefore Americans will love to eat penguins as well

A

Weak analogy.

54
Q

Murder is morally wrong. This being the case it follows that abortion is morally wrong. Which fallacy

A

Begging the question. Or petitio principii

55
Q

No cats are dogs. Therefore no dogs are cats. Which fallacy

A

Begging the question or petitio principii

56
Q

Either you let me go to the lady gaga concert or I’ll be miserable forever and you don’t want that so you should let me go.

A

False dichotomy

57
Q

Either you use ultra guard deodorant it you’ll risk perspiration order. You don’t want to risk it. Therefore you use ultra guard. Fallacy?

A

False dichotomy

58
Q

Some triangles are obtuse. Whatever is obtuse is ignorant. Therefore some triangles are ignorant. Which fallacy

A

Equivocation

59
Q

A mouse is an animal. Therefore a large mouse is a large animal. Which fallacy

A

Equivocation

60
Q

Maria like anchovies. Maria likes ice cream. Therefore it’s certain she’ll like anchovies on her ice cream cone. Which fallacy

A

Composition.

61
Q

Each atom in the teacup is invisible. Therefore the cup is invisible. Which fallacy

A

Composition

62
Q

Each player is an excellent athlete. Therefore the team is excellent. Which fallacy

A

Composition

63
Q

Salt is nonpoisonous compound. Therefore it’s component eke mementos sodium chloride are nonpoisonous too. Which fallacy

A

Division

64
Q

This plane was made in Seattle. Therefore every component part in this plane was made there too. Which fallacy

A

Division

65
Q

The copula of all A sentences are

A

Are

66
Q

The copula of all O sentences is

A

Are not

67
Q

The quantity for all A sentences is

A

Universal

68
Q

The quantity for all E sentences is

A

Universal

69
Q

The quantity for all o sentences is

A

Particular

70
Q

The quality for all I sentences is

A

Affirmative

71
Q

The quality for all E sentences is

A

Negative

72
Q

Coversion is when you

A

Switch the S and P

73
Q

Obversion is when you

A

Change the quality and give the predicate term it’s compliment.

74
Q

Contraposition is when you

A

Switch s and p and give them their term compliment for each.

75
Q

Conversion works with

A

E and I

76
Q

Obversion works with

A

All

77
Q

Contraposition works with

A

A AND O

78
Q

For hence and as are all premise indicators. True or false

A

False. Hence is a conclusion

79
Q

How many truth values are there

A

Two.

80
Q

Being a dog is necessary it sufficient for being a Dalmatian

A

Necessary

81
Q

True or false all strong arguments are cogent too

A

False not all

82
Q

There is no blizzard today. Therefore there will probably be no blizzard any day this year. Weak strong or cogent

A

Weak

83
Q

Jane is in favor of increase safety inspections but Jane is the owner and would get millions from the new laws. Therefore there is no good reason to increase safety inspections

A

Ad hominem

84
Q

We should respect personal property. Therefore you should give that psycho his knife back

A

Accident

85
Q

So many are in welfare. Therefore welfare must cause poverty

A

False cause

86
Q

If I study then I will pass the test. I did pass the test. Therefore I must have studied.

A

Affirming the consequent

87
Q

There can only be ___ conclusion

A

One

88
Q

Florida is a tropical state. Therefore many states must be tropical.

A

Hasty generalization

89
Q

Alex is in favor of veganism. But I don’t think it’s right to say that humans are no better than animals. This thinking undermines human dignity. There off Alex is wrong in his beliefs. Which fallacy?

A

Straw man

90
Q

All robots are cold blooded killers. Therefore some robots are cold blooded killers.

A

Invalid. Existential fallacy

91
Q

It is false that all robots are cold blooded killers therefore some robots are not cold blooded killers

A

Valid contradiction

92
Q

All robots are cold blooded killers. Therefore some robots are not cold blood killers.

A

Invalid illicit contradiction

93
Q

It is false that some cars are not carnivores. Thus all cats are carnivores. Evaluate from MPOV

A

Valid contradiction

94
Q

It is false that all humans are lizards. Therefore no humans are lizards. Evaluate from the MPOV

A

Invalid existential fallacy

95
Q

Some cows are animals therefore some animals are cows. Evaluate from modern point of view

A

Valid conversion. You switched them. And it’s an I sentence to it works

96
Q

Some non cats are non dogs. Therefore some non cats are not dogs. Evaluate from modern point of view

A

Valid obversion. Changed quality. Gave predicate it’s term compliment. And obversion works will all statements

97
Q

No bears see monkeys. Therefore some bears are monkeys. Evaluate from the traditional point of view

A

Invalid.

98
Q

It is false that no bears are monkeys. Therefore some bears are monkeys. Evaluate from the traditional point of view

A

Valid

99
Q

It is false that no dragons are monkeys. Therefore some dragons are monkeys. Evaluate from the traditional point of view

A

Valid

100
Q

All bears are monkeys. Therefore it is false that no bears are monkeys. Evaluate from the traditional point of view

A

Valid

101
Q

It is false that no bears are monkeys. Therefore all bears are monkeys. Evaluate from the traditional point of view

A

Invalid

102
Q

Logically equivalent is

A

Used when comparing. When all values are the same on both sides

103
Q

Contradictory

A

Used when comparing and always opposite

104
Q

Consistent

A

Used when comparing and at least one is true for both

105
Q

Inconsistent

A

Used when comparing and if all the other options are never the case

106
Q

Tautology

A

All true

107
Q

Self contradiction

A

All false

108
Q

Contingent

A

At least one true and one false

109
Q

Either bob is a killer and Melissa is a manager, or neither bob is a killer not Melissa is a manager would be what in symbolic form

A

(B•M) v ~(BvM)

110
Q

If and only if Sally drove a car, then Jason killing a turkey is necessary for Malinda drinking blood

A

S=(M>J)

Philosophy (6 decks)

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