locomotion and support Flashcards
necessities for support and locomotion in humans and animal
- to search food
- to hunt prey
- to search shelter
- to find mate for reproduction
- to provide protection
- to escape from predators and danger
endoskeleton?
- rigid internal skeleton made of bones and cartilage to which muscles are attached
- found in all vetebrates
- work with muscular system to produce movement and locomotion
- to protect internal organs, maintain body shape and support body
exoskeleton?
- cuticle of an insect covers the surface of its body
- cutilcle is covered witj wax to prevent water loss
- exoskeleton are non living structures and incapable(berupaya) of growth. in order to grow, arthropod have to shed(tinggalkan) their skeleton through ecdysis
hydrostatic skeleton?
- consist of internal fluids within the body cavity
- fluid is held under in compartments (ruang) surrounded by muscles
- since fluid cannot escape , it forms an incompressible skeleton to provide support and maintain body shape
human skeleton has two main parts
appendicular(tangan kaki)and axial (protect organs) skeleton
pectoral girdle ade 2
clavicel -colar bone
scapula - back wing
arm (upper limbs) 6 parts
- humerus (besar, satu je )
- ulna(lagi besar dari radius and stick with humerus)
- radius (stick with ulna , kecik sikit)
- carpals (pergelangan tangan)
- metacarpals (bawah jari)
- phalanges (jari)
pelvic girdle ade 2
hip bones ( kat pinggang, kalau kat dina yang terkeluae tu)
leg (lower limbs) 7 parts
- femur (tulang peha)
- patella (tulang lutut macam knee cap, protect knee joint)
- tibia (tampung berat ,besar dari fibula)
- fibula (smaller than tibia)
- tarsals( pergelangan kaki)
- metatarsal (bawah jari)
- phalanges(jari kaki)
axial skeleton ade three main parts
skull, thoracic cage and vertebral column
skull ade 2 parts
cranial bones ( tengkorak) facial bones (tengkorak kat pipi hidung)
thoracic cage ade 2 parts
sternum( tengah tengah dada)
ribs (tulang bosar)
vertebral column ade 3 parts
vetebrae (atas hips bahagian belakang)
sacrum (atas coccyx)
coccyx (dekat lubang bontot)
fx of skeleton
- maintain body shape and support body
- to provide sufrace area for muscles attachment
- to protect organs
- to store certain mineral (calcium, phosphorus)
- to enable movement
- most blood cell produced in bone marrow of the long bones
fx facial bones
- protect eyes,ears, nose
- provide entarace for respiration