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TMA > Locomotion > Flashcards

Locomotion Flashcards

1
Q

Ambling gait

A

Unnatural for most breeds but can be taught

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2
Q

Duty factor

A

Fraction of time each limb spends on the ground

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3
Q

Plantigrade

A

Soles of feet - humans

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4
Q

Digitigrade

A

On digits - dog

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5
Q

Unguligrade

A

On hooves - horse

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6
Q

Ground reaction force (GFR)

A

Move by exerting forces in their external environment

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7
Q

Peak force

A

Inc with speed as duration of contact inc

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8
Q

Velocity =

A

Change in position / change in time

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9
Q

Acceleration =

A

Change in velocity / change in time

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10
Q

Force =

A

Mass X acceleration

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11
Q

Work done =

A

Force X distance

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12
Q

Power =

A

Work done/time = force X velocity

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13
Q

Convergent evolution

A

Similar structures evolve independently

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14
Q

Electromyography (EMG)

A

Measures electrical activity of a muscle

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15
Q

Moment =

A

Force X perp distance from pivot

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16
Q

Lateral body undulation

A

Side to side - limbless animals - sprawling gait

17
Q

Coupled breathing

A

Syncing stride rhythm and breathing

18
Q

Pneumatic stabilisation

A

Using lungs as a airbag to stabilise during loco

19
Q

Visceral piston model

A

Movement of guts exerts force during loco that aids ventilation - inertia during deceleration

20
Q

Lever equation

A

F muscle X D1 = F out X D2

D1 - joint to muscle
D2 - joint to external load

21
Q

Effective mechanical advantage (EMA) =

A

r / R

r - muscle movement of arm
R - moment of GRF

22
Q

EMA equation 2

A

Fm X r = G X R

Fm - moment acting in joint
G - GFR

23
Q

Duty factor =

A

T stance / T stride

24
Q

Symmetrical gait

A

Left & right limbs alternate

25
Q

Asymmetric gait

A

Limbs move together

26
Q

Inertia

A

Resistance of an object to any change in its state of motion

TMA (3 decks)

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