Locke

Question 1

What is Political Power?

Answer 1

The right to make laws with the death penalty and all lesser penalties, regulating and preserving property and to employ force of the community in enforcing such laws, all for public good.

Question 2

What is the state of men in the state of nature?

Answer 2

• men are free of order
• they can dispose of their possessions in any way they like
• also a state of equality where no one has more power than another
• Limited by law of nature

Question 3

Why can’t we harm each other in state of nature?

Answer 3

.We are all works of one omnipotent and wise maker

.We are all servants of one sovereign master

.We are all property of god

.We have same abilities and share common nature

Question 4

Who enforces nature’s law?

Answer 4

everyone enforces natures law

Question 5

What are man’s two distinct rights in state of nature?

Answer 5

• Everyone has to punish the criminal as to prevent him committing crime again
• Right an injured party has to reparation

Question 6

Why does crime need to be punished?

Answer 6

so that it’s a bad bargain for someone to do it

Question 7

Why is the state of nature intolerable? and why might it be better?

Answer 7

• Evils are bound to follow from man being judges in their own cases
• However how different is this from an absolute monarchy?
• State of nature obliges no man to submit to the unjust will of someone

Question 8

What is the state of war?

Answer 8

A state of enmity and destruction, declared in a matter of calm design that he intends to end someone’s life

Question 9

How do you start a state of war?

Answer 9

Trying to get someone into your absolute power, making someone part of your power

eg making them a slave

Question 10

What is the relation between the state of war and nature?

Answer 10

They are distinct unlike in Hobbes

Question 11

What is the natural liberty of men?

Answer 11

.To be free from any superior power
.To be under the will of legislative authority of men
-To be ruled only by the law of nature

Question 12

What is liberty of man in society?

Answer 12

To be under no legislative power except the one established by consent in the commonwealth

Question 13

What two things is freedom?

Answer 13

.Freedom of nature is being under no restraint except law of nature

.Freedom under government is having a standing rule to live by , common to everyone in society and made by legislative power

Question 14

What does nobody have a private right to?

Answer 14

The earth’s products like Fruits and animals as they are for everyone, in a natural state

Question 15

How does man make something his property?

Answer 15

-By mixing something from nature with his labour

Question 16

Why doesn’t taking from what is common require consent?

Answer 16

the consent is implicit in its status

Question 17

What is a man relation with the land he tills, plants, cultivates and improves?

Answer 17

He owns it and can use the products of it

Question 18

How has nature limited private property?

Answer 18

• set limits to how much men can work and how much they need

- no single man would ever be able to tame and work over all the land

Question 19

What is the art of government?

Answer 19

to use the land well

Question 20

What is the power relation between parents over their children?

Answer 20

Father and mother have equal power over children

Question 21

What state are children born into?

Answer 21

They are not born in a state of full equality

but they are born into a state of full equality

Question 22

What was Adam born with that no one else was?

Answer 22

The law of reason

Question 23

What does parental power derive from?

Answer 23

The duty of parents to take care of their offspring

Question 24

What is required to gain freedom in the law of nature?

Answer 24

-Maturity, so that he may know the law and keep his actions within its limits

Question 25

What is required to gain liberty in law of england?

Answer 25

-a knowledge of the law. At locke’s time this was the age of 21

Question 26

We are all born free but…?

Answer 26

It’s age that brings reason which brings freedom…we kinda need to unlock our freedom

Question 27

What did god make man to do?

Answer 27

To draw him strongly into society, thus he equipped him with language and understanding

Question 28

What were the first few societies and what was significant about them?

Answer 28

Wife and man

Parent and child

Master and Servant

But none of these are political

Question 29

Why can’t a man punish crimes himself in civil society?

Answer 29

• Commonwealth has power of making laws of war and peace

- A man who enters civil society has rescinded his right to punish crimes against law of nature

Question 30

When is there a political society?

Answer 30

There is a political society when a number of men are united into one society, gives executive power of the law of nature to the public

Question 31

What is actually inconsistent with civil society?

Answer 31

Absolute monarchy, as there is no court to appeal to

Question 32

What do men commit to by joining body politic?

Answer 32

submit to the decision of the majority

Question 33

What is there no assurance of within state of nature?

Answer 33

That men will get to use possessions because they are constantly exposed to invasion by others

Question 34

What is the chief purpose of joining the commonwealth?

Answer 34

preservation of property

Question 35

What does the state of nature lack?

Answer 35

• Established settled law accepted by common consent
• An impartial judge
• Lacks power to back up and support correct sentence and to enforce it properly

Question 36

What are your two powers in state of nature? and what happens to them in civil society

Answer 36

• Do whatever you think right for your own preservation so far as law of nature permits
• Punish crimes committed against of nature
• First power given up to be regulated by laws
• Second power given up completely, in hands of executive

Question 37

What are the forms of commonwealth?

Answer 37

• All men having power is a democracy
• Few law making is an oligarchy
• In hands of one man it’s a monarchy

Question 38

what is the first positive law of any commonwealth? and what does it do

Answer 38

Establishing legislative power.

Essentially explains that the legislature is the supreme power of common wealth

Question 39

Four important features of legislative power

Answer 39

-It does not have absolute power over lives and fortunes of people, for it’s just combined power of every member.

.The legislative cannot give itself power to rule by sudden arbitrary decrees, it is bound to dispense justice by published standing law

• The supreme power cant take from any man any part of his property without his consent
• The legislature cannot transfer the power of making laws to any other hands.