Location of the factor 'production labour'

Question 1

Theories about population growth

Answer 1

• Malthus
• Demographic transition
• Migration

Question 2

Malthus theory

Answer 2

Population will grow, but food production will not be able to follow -> disaster inevitable
-> proven wrong, productivity increased, use of new lands, decrease of number of birth since industrial revolution

-> Neo-Malthusians (Club of Rome 1960) -> natural resources will become exhausted

Question 3

Factors influencing population distribution

Answer 3

• physical environment
• economic factors (labour market, infrastructure, job opportunities)
• demographic elements
• government policy
• historic circumstances (wars, colonisation)

Question 4

Demographic transition theory

Answer 4

Changes of births, deaths and growth rates when economy switches from agriculture to industry

• > Pre-industrial society; early industrial society; late industrial society; post-industrial society
• > Criticism: based on the West, no 1:1 applicable to LDC’s

Question 5

Migration theory

Answer 5

Causes: push (unemployment, low wages, famine, war, ..) vs. pull factors (job/educational opportunities, higher wages)

• > mostly voluntarily, mostly young people
• > modelling migration: gravity model (flows affected by migrant characteristics, political restrictions, distance)

Question 6

Consequences of migration

Answer 6

Immigration countries:
+ contribution to economy
- social problems

Emigration countries:
+ less poverty
- brain drain