Location of research Flashcards
Laboratory experiment
Conducted under controlled, artificial
conditions.
Features of laboratory experiment
- Researcher manipulates the independent variable (IV) whilst measuring the dependent variable (DV).
- Conducted under both experimental and a control conditions. Researcher randomly allocates participants to experimental or control conditions.
Strengths of lab experiment
- High level of control; can infer that the IV caused the DV.
- Easy to replicate so that reliability can be checked.
Weaknesses of lab experiment
- Problems of demand characteristics (participants act aganist or for what the experiement is)
- Low ecological validity
Field experiment
Conducted in a natural environment
Features of a field experiement
- IV is still manipulated by the researcher and the DV is still measured.
- Participants are unaware that they are being researched.
Strengths of a field experiment
High in ecological validity.
Fewer demand characteristics.
Strengths of a field experiment
High in ecological validity.
Fewer demand characteristics.
Weaknesses of a field experiment
Unethical: participants are unaware of the research.
Extraneous variables affect results.
Natural experiments
A natural experiment is when a research does not deliberately
manipulate an IV, they take advantage of a ‘naturally occurring’ IV.
The DV of a natural experiment may be tested in a laboratory, in the
field or online.
Strengths of natural experiments
Allows research where the IV can’t be
manipulated for practical or ethical
reasons; a range of behaviours can be
investigated. Allows researchers to investigate ‘real’
problems, such as the effects of a disaster on health, which can help more people in more situations.
Weaknesses of natural experiment
Researcher has no sense of control over extraneous variable.
Doesn’t allow for replication
Can’t establish cause and effect
