Deciding on a research question

Question 1

Deciding on a research question

Aim of the research

Answer 1

The aim of the study is a general statement of what the researcher intends to investigate. It highlights the purpose of the study.

Question 2

Hypothesis

Answer 2

A hypothesis is a predictive statement about what the researcher expects to find. It supports/rejects ideas

Question 3

Null Hypothesis

Answer 3

This hypothesis predicts that there will be no difference between the two conditions; the IV will have no effect on the DV.

Question 4

Experimental / Alternative Hypothesis

One tailed directional

Answer 4

This hypothesis states that the IV will affect the DV and states exactly what the effect will be. It therefore makes a prediction and states the direction of the prediction.

It is used when a researcher is confident about what they expect to find.

Question 5

Experimental / Alternative Hypothesis

Two tailed non-directional

Answer 5

This hypothesis states the IV will affect the DV BUT does not state how, just that a difference will be found.

Question 6

Variables

Independent Variable (IV)

Answer 6

Change in conditions

Question 7

Variables

Dependant Variable (DV)

Answer 7

What is being measured by
the researcher; the outcome or score.

Question 8

Variables

Co-Variables

Answer 8

The two variables being measured within
correlational research.

Question 9

Variables

Operationalisation

Answer 9

Defining the above key variables
in an objective, measurable way.

Question 10

Variables

Confounding Variables

Answer 10

Unwanted variables in research that may affect the outcomes (DV). They are inconsistent and affect only some of the participants.

Question 11

Variables

Extraneous Variables

Answer 11

Unwanted variables in research
that may affect the outcomes (DV). They are consistent, affect all participants equally and are often linked to a design flaw.