Localities Flashcards
how was the North governed prior to 1537
-it was sectioned into three marches: the west, middle and east - these were controlled by wardens who were traditional northern nobility
-wardens had full control of their region and vast military and legal power - mostly to aide them in defending the North from Scottish threat, they were almost like kings of their region
what changes took place in 1537 to the council of the North
-after the lincolnshire rising Cromwell remodelled it to increase the monarchs influence - it was permitted additional powers like to be able to decide legal cases like treason/murder. Also oversaw trade, military campaigns and food supplied. The area it covered was extended to Durham, Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland
-the president was changed to be a Bishop or non northern noble - this was so they were a representative of the monarch and didnt have a personal interest
How did the governance of the North change under Elizabeth
-she placed many of her loyalists into the council of the north like the Earl of Sussex - this meant the power of traditional northern families was declining
-protestant influence spread - she elected her cousin Henry Hastings the Earl of Huntingdon to be president - he was a devout puritan and would have aided in the destruction of catholicism in the north
Did Elizabeth changing the use of the Council of the North lead to more cooperation between government and localities ?
-Elizabeth inserting more sourtherns in the council caused resentment - this was a cause of the rebellion in 1569 - shows that the changes were more about controlling the localities not cooperating with them
-Elizabeth made the council responsible for tackling recusancy - this further showed her use of the council to control the North
How was Wales governed prior to 1535?
-had it’s own legal system- viewed as lawless by the English, practices like blood feuds were vey common
-was governed by the principality of wales and lords that rules over marcher regions
What changes took place in Wales in 1535?
-Rowland lee was appointed as the lord president of the council of Wales - was given many powers to tackle crime and disorder in the region
-the principality and marcher lords replaced by 12 english style counties - each county and town allocated two MP’s who could sit in English Parliament
-english style government established including JP’s
-welsh was banned in courts
What changed took place in Wales in 1542
-introduced english legal system - ending the use of blood feuds, courts of great sessions were introduced to try cases like theft
-the council of marches reorganised into the council of wales - the president and vice appointed by the monarch
-
In what ways did the localities get better representation in parliament
-the number of boroughs increased - so more people across england had representation in parliament
-the house of lords was decreases - so the nobility has less representatives in government
-some new boroughs were granted a franchise - could vote
how was the representation of localities in parliament still limited
-most MP’s that represented their borough were gentry not true townsmen and some didnt live in the borough area
-1529-36 half werent townsmen
-1601 - MP’s that were townsmen was 14%
why was literacy increasing especially in yeoman
-the printing press
-increased number of grammar schools
-expansion of englands unis
-growth of humanist ideas - encourage learning
what was the role of JP’s in 1485
tax collectors
how did the role of JP’s change under Henry VII
-their power increased - could act on info on suspects, replace corrupt jurors, inquire into illegal retaining ect
how did the role of JP’s change under Henry VIII
-JP’s had to fill out questions on the law - worsley trying to improve social justice
-gov could replace a corrupt JP
-enforce the refomation
how did the role of JP’s change under Edward I
-enforce religious changes - the book of common prayer, take inventory of parish goods to catch and persecute those stealing
-all ale houses had to be liscened by JP - to prevent people from being drunk and rowdy
how did the role of JP’s change under Elizabeth I
-1603 -309 acts were enforced by JPs
-oversaw lord lietenants
-during war they could muster forces
How did Tudor governments respond to poverty before 1563
-1495 vagabonds and beggars act - put on the stocks for three days then whipped
-1531 vagabonds act - vagabonds whipped, impotent poor allowed to beg
-1547 vagrancy act
-1548 law againsr price and wage fixng - when corn supplies dropped then export banned
-1552 poor law act - impotent poor registered, people encouraged to donate alms money to churches
what was the 1563 statute of artificies
-those unmarried and 30+ had to work any job offered
-JPs could force anyone to work during harvests
-all wages to be set by JPs annually
-everyone 12-60 unless gentry, in skilled craft or in education had to work on the land
-work hours were set - absent meant a fine
Henry VII use of progresses
-start of reign would progress north where his rivals had support to show his military presence
-during rebellions he would progress around area of distrust
Henry VIII use of progresses
-would escape the smell and diseases of london and go to other estates
-1536 - travelled to the southwest which didnt joined north in the rebellion
Elizabeth use of progresses
-used them the most
-showed strength and saved her money
-stay in houses of leading advisors like cecil and dudley
