Localisation Of Function In The Brain And The 4 Areas Of The Brain

Question 1

What is Localisation of function in the brain and hemispheric lateralisation

Answer 1

-Localisation of brain functions- idea that certain areas of the brain have particular functions.

-hemispheric lateralisation- the brain is divided into 2 hemispheres
The LH controls right side of body
The RH controls left side of body

Question 2

What happens to Phineas Gage

Answer 2

A metal rod went through his head and damaged his frontal lobe made his personality change from social and happy to hostile and aggressive.
This supports that different parts of the brain are responsible for different things and that personality and aggression are associated with the frontal lobe.

Question 3

The 4 sections of the brain

Answer 3

-Frontal lobe
-parietal lobe
-temporal lobe
-occipital lobe

Question 4

what is in the frontal lobe and what does it do ?

Answer 4

Motor cortex
-controls voluntary movements
-if damaged = loss of control over fine movements
-diff parts of it control diff body parts

Question 5

What is in the partial lobe and what does it do ?

Answer 5

Somato sensory cortex 🖐
-detects sensory info related to touch from all over the body
-some body parts have more receptors than others making them more sensitive
- = sensations like pain

Question 6

What is in the occipital lobe and what does it do ?

Answer 6

Visual cortex 👁
-visual processing begins in retina then nerve impulse travels to
-each eye has a left and right visual field.
-When left hemisphere is damaged it can cause blindness in the right visual field of both eyes and vice versa.

Question 7

What is in the temporal lobe and what does it do

Answer 7

Auditory cortex
-deals with sound info from inner ear
-sound is decoded and reaches auditory cortex where it’s recognised and may produce a response.
EG you hear fire alarm so leave the building
-damage to this may = hearing loss

Question 8

Evaluation of localisation

Answer 8

✔️- supporting evidence of phineas gage
-scientific, measurable, objective cause of brain scans reduce effect of human errors.

✖️- case study so can’t be generalised to wider population

Question 9

Evidence against localisation of function in the brain

Answer 9

Lashley
- put rats through maze and slowly took parts of their brains out but they always had partial memory of maze.

-shows functions of the brain are not localised to one area of the brain but instead suggests they’re disbursed.