localisation of function in the brain

Question 1

localisation theory suggests that certain areas of the brain are responsible

Answer 1

for certain processes , behaviours and activities

Question 2

the motor area
separated from the auditory area by the central suclus and found in the frontal lobe this area is involved in

Answer 2

regulating and co ordinating movements

Question 3

the motor area
if lesions or damages occur in the motor area it may result it an inability to

Answer 3

control voluntary fine motor movements

Question 4

the auditory area
an area of the temporal lobe, located on the superior temporal gyrus which is reponsible for

Answer 4

processing auditory information and speech

Question 5

the auditory area
if lesions or damages occur in the auditory area can cause

Answer 5

hearing loss , damages to specific parts of the auditory area can result in wernickes aphasia

Question 6

the visual area
an area in the occipital lobe responsible for

Answer 6

processing visual information

Question 7

the somatosensory area
an area of the parietal lobe which processes information with

Answer 7

the senses ie heat touch pressure etc

Question 8

the somatosensory area
lesions in this area result in the a loss of

Answer 8

ability to donate sensitivity to particular bodily area s

Question 9

wernickes area
responsible for speech comprehension and located in the

Answer 9

temporal lobe
left side for majority

Question 10

wernickes area
lesions or damages to this areas through strokes or traumas results in

Answer 10

wernickes apashia
characterised by the use of nonsensical words , called syllogisms , no awareness of using incorrect words , but no issues in pronunciation and intonation

Question 11

brocas area
responsible for speech production and located in the

Answer 11

frontal lobe
usually in left hemisphere

Question 12

brocas area
lesions or damage in brocas areas results in

Answer 12

brocas aphasia
characterised by difficulty forming complete sentences and understanding sentences as well as failing to understand the order of words ion a sentence and who they are directed towards

Question 13

the left hemisphere of the brain is associated with language production and comprehension therefore language is

Answer 13

an example of a cognitive ability which is both localised and lateralised

Question 14

supporting evidence for localisation of brain function
tulvig et al

Answer 14

used PET scans to show that semantic memories were recalled from the left prefrontal cortex
whilst episodic memories were recalled from the right pre frontal cortex
- shows different areas of the brain are responsible for different functions .

Question 15

supporting evidence for localisation of brain function
Peterson et al 1988
- supporting tulvig et al

Answer 15

found that wernickes area activation is required for listening tasks whereas brooks area is required for reading tasks
confirms that werncikes area is involved in speech comprehension and brooks for speech production

Question 16

supporting case studies
Phineas gage

Answer 16

injured by a blasting rod tearing through his prefrontal cortex
damage involved by left and right prefrontal cortices involved in rational decision making and processing of emotion
- demonstrates the idea that some areas of the brain are responsible for specific functions
- case studies = subjective , lack of control , EV / CV

Question 17

contradictory theory
holistic view of the brain

Answer 17

function requires several brain areas to be activated and they these functions are not restricted to specific areas
- for example after removing 20-50% of the cortices of rats found that no specific areas were associated with learning how to traverse through a maze
- suggesting that localisation explains simple brain functions not complex

Question 18

evidence supporting the link between certain brain ares and symptoms of OCD
Dougherty et al 2002

Answer 18

studied 44 OCD sufferers who’d undergone the lesioning of the cingulate gyrus to control symptoms
after being assessed using the Structured clinical interview researchers found that at a mean follow up 32 months , that 32% met criteria for treatment response . 32-45% patients unresponsive to meds and behavioural treatment , were partly improved after a cingulotomy
- suggests that certain areas of the brain are repsonsible for symptoms of OCD , but an improved understanding of localisation has practical applications