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biopsychology > Localisation in the brain/hemispheric lateralisation > Flashcards

Localisation in the brain/hemispheric lateralisation Flashcards

1
Q

what does the localisation theory suggest

A

that certain areas of the brain are responsible for certain processes, behaviours and activities.

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2
Q

what is the brain divided into

A

two hemispheres - right and left

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3
Q

what is localisation of function

A

where different parts of the brain perform different functions

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4
Q

what does localised mean

A

when specific parts of the brain perform a particular functions

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5
Q

what is localised to the left hemisphere

A

language skills such as speaking, reading and understanding words

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6
Q

what is localised to the right hemisphere

A

spatial skills such as navigating and understanding instructions

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7
Q

what does lateral mean?

A

side

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8
Q

what are areas of the brain that are localised

A 
Visual centres 
Auditory centres 
Motor cortex 
Somatosensory cortex 
Language centres
Language area
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9
Q

what is the motor cortex

A

controls voluntary movements. both hemispheres have a motor cortex with each side controlling muscles on the opposite side of the body (left hemispheres controls muscles on the right side of the body)

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10
Q

what is the somatosensory area

A

is an area in the parietal lobe which processes information associated with the senses e.g. touch heat, pressure

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11
Q

what are visual centres

A

is an rea in the occipital lobe which is responsible for processing visual information.

the right hemisphere visual cortex processes visual information by the left eye and vice versa. the visual cortex contains different regions to do with colour shape and movement

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12
Q

what are auditory centres

A

is an area of the temporal lobe, located on the superior temporal gyrus, which is responsible for processing auditory information and speech

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13
Q

what are language centres ?

A

wernickes area and Broca’s area

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14
Q

what is the wernickes area

A

responsible for language comprehension and is located in the temporal lobe

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15
Q

what is wernickes aphasia

A

when a person struggles to understand a conversation. Wernicke’s lesions in the brain area could not produce but not understand language

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16
Q

what is the broca’s area

A

main centre of speech production and responsible for speech control and is located in the frontal lobe usually left hemisphere

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17
Q

what is broca’s aphasia

A

difficulty forming complete sentences, as well as failing to understand the order of words

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18
Q

what is the left hemisphere associated with

A

with language production comprehension

19
Q

what is hemispheric lateralisation

A

the idea that the brain perfumes two different functions

20
Q

what does lateralisation mean

A

some functions are dominated by one hemisphere

21
Q

what is the outer layer of the brain

A

the cerebral cortex

22
Q

how is information processed

A

each visual field has two sides-left side. The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and vice versa

23
Q

where do seizers come from

A

right hemisphere

24
Q

corpus collosum

A

a bundle of nerve axons which connect the two hemispheres enabling them to communicate between with each other.

25
Q

what does it mean when functions are organised contralaterally

A

the right hemisphere controls the left side of the brain and the left hemisphere controls the right side of the brain.

26
Q

how do the two hemisphere communicate

A

by sending nerve impulses to each other via synapses

27
Q

what will happen if the corpus collusum is cut, what effect will this have on the two hemispheres .

A

the two will no longer be able to communicate

28
Q

what is research that investigates spit brain patients

A

Sperry’s split brain research

29
Q

what do patients with seizures have taken out

A

corpus collusum

30
Q

what is the aim of Sperry’s research

A

to assess the abilities of separated brain hemispheres

31
Q

what did sperry conduct

A

split brain research on epileptic patients. in order to control their seizures, those patients underwent surgical lesioning of the corpus collusum, through a procedure called a cerebral commissurotomy, where information processed by one hemisphere cannot be relayed to the other

32
Q

how do researchers conduct split brain research

A

1) present stimulus

2) ask patient to respond to stimulus

33
Q

what was the presented stimulus in Sperry’s split brain research

A

picture or object

34
Q

where was the stimulus presented

A

either to the left or right hemisphere

35
Q

what is plasticity

A

the brains tendency to change and adapt (functially ad physically) as a result of experience and new learning

36
Q

what happens during infancy in the brain

A

the brain experiences a rapid growth in the number of synaptic connections in the brain. as we age, rarely use connections are deleted and frequently used connections are strengthened (synaptic pruning)

37
Q

what is synaptic prunning

A

Is a process where the brain gets rid of old connections that we no longer use between the connections that are left

38
Q

what did Maguire find

A

Found that one the posterior hippocampal volume of London taxi drivers brains was positively correlated with their time as a taxi drivers brain and those of controls. This shows the brain can permanently change in response to frequent exposure to particular task

39
Q

what did Kuhn find?

A

found that playing video games for 30+ minutes per day resulted in increased brain matter in the cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. thus the complex cognitive demands involved in mastering a video game cause a formation of new synpatic connections in the brain sites controlling spatial navigation, planning and decision making

40
Q

what is axonal sprouting

A

Where the brain creates new connections and synapses within the brain to accommodate for this new learning

41
Q

what does pruning mean

A

where connections are lost due to reduce with age

42
Q

what is bridging

A

Where new connections are created due to use and new stimulus

43
Q

what is functional recovery

A

A form of plasticity, the brains ability to redistribute or transfer functions: following drama and trauma

biopsychology (6 decks)

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