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Meteorology > Local Winds Inversions Cloud Vis Fog > Flashcards

Local Winds Inversions Cloud Vis Fog Flashcards

1
Q

Katabatic winds

A

Usually during nighttime
Hill face cools and gravity helps pull cool air down hill

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2
Q

Anabatic winds

A

Generally after sunrise east facing slopes
Valley face heats and warm air blows up valley face
Opposing gravity so often less extreme than katabatic

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3
Q

Fohn wind

A

Moist air blows up hill and saturated dry air blows down hill warming at dalr resulting in warmer air on leeward side
Low pressure on leeward side sucks air downhill

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4
Q

Fohn wind conditions

A

Only occurs if enough moisture for salr to create temperature difference
Lee side
Gusty and turbulent
Reduced visibility due to dust and rock particles

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5
Q

Large scale interference

A

Mountain waves standing waves lee waves
Requirements:
Large mountain range
Wind at right angles to mountain range
Unstable lower atmosphere and stable upper atmosphere
Wind speed greater than or equal to 15 kts or more

Altocumulus lenticularis
Formed by wave
Appears stationary but constantly forming and dissipating

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6
Q

How to avoid mountain waves

A

Fly on windward coast
fly high
Use local knowledge

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7
Q

Rotor zones and streaming

A

Occur in lee of range
Essentially Eddie’s
Creates circular wind flow back towards mountains
Condensed air as it accelerates can form cloud

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8
Q

Clouds associated with mountain wave

A

Rotor cloud
Wave cloud
Cap cloud

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9
Q

Subsidence inversion

A

Occurs during anti cyclones (high pressure)
Upper level convergence low level divergence
Descending air is warming at a rate that makes it warmer than ascending air
Can create anti cyclonic gloom (clouds)

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10
Q

Radiation inversion

A

Air close to ground cools during night middle layer unaffected
Requires light wind and clear sky’s

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11
Q

Turbulence inversion

A

Top of friction layer
Induced by wind of at least 10kt
Air becomes turbulent and tumbling mixing cooling and warming eventually offsetting

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12
Q

Frontal inversion

A

Warm air forced over top of colder air
Inversion occurs at boundary between the two air masses

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13
Q

Five lifting mechanisms

A

Orographic lifting
Mechanical lifting
Thermal lifting (convection)
Slow widespread ascent
Frontal lifting

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14
Q

Cloud formation

A

Lifting air gets less pressure (cooling mechanism as less collisions because parcel expands)

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15
Q

Convective rising

A

ELR must exceed DALR
Always creates cu type cloud
Can be cb or tcu

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16
Q

Slow widespread ascent

A

Low pressure
Air rises at centre and cools andiabatically

17
Q

Bergeron

A

Water vapour depositing (gas to solid) onto ice crystals

18
Q

Coalescence

A

Combining cloud droplets
Small ones drawn to large droplet

19
Q

LCL

A

lifting condensation level
Dew point reduces at .6° per. 1000’
When parcel reaches dew point LCL is reached

20
Q

Convective condensation level

A

Thermal rising
Wire must reach convective temp then follows LCL process
Used for TS calculations

21
Q

Cloud dispersal

A

Most commonly through subsidence
Warming of air through radiation
Warming of low level air
Reduction in convective activity
Mixing

22
Q

4 types of visibility

A

Transparency
Measure of stuff in the air expressed as distance

Illumination
Not effected by sun or moon

Range
Is effected by light
Snow detrimental

Slant range
Looking through fog at angle reduces visibility

23
Q

Fog vs mist

A

Fog is below 1000 m vis
Mist is 1000-5000 m vis

24
Q

Rain vis nz

A

4-10 km

25
Q

Haze

A

Below 5000m vis
Below 1000m is a dust storm

26
Q

Auto Metar vis

A

Handar vis sensor
Measures light scattering between two sources

27
Q

Radiation fog

A

Anti cyclonic
Nighttime
Earth cools air above to saturation
Light wind causes mixing
High Rh

28
Q

Advection fog

A

Warm humid air entering cool area surface

29
Q

Valley fog

A

Cold air gathers at bottom of valley
Often rivers provide moisture
Valleys tend to get less sunlight

30
Q

Stream fog

A

Over oceans
Occurs in cold areas near warm

31
Q

Frontal fog

A

Warm front

32
Q

Streaming fog

A

After a heavy shower or ts
Sun comes out and evaporates moisture

Meteorology (16 decks)

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